Parametric Amplifier Matching Using Legendre Prototypes

Ryan Kaufman, Ofer Naaman

In this note we describe Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) matching networks based on Legendre polynomials. These networks typically exhibit lower ripple and gentler roll-off than Chebyshev networks with similar parameters, and can be viewed as bridging the gap between Butterworth and Chebyshev ones. We tabulate prototype coefficients for parametric amplifiers based on Legendre polynomials with a range of gain and ripple parameters, and for a range of network orders. We also use this opportunity to further illustrate the synthesis of these networks based on methods from previous work, and synthesize a prototype JPA with 20dB gain at a center frequency of 5GHz with a bandwidth of 500MHz.

Practical Trainable Temporal Postprocessor for Multistate Quantum Measurement

Saeed A. Khan, Ryan Kaufman, Boris Mesits, Michael Hatridge, Hakan E. Türeci

We develop and demonstrate a trainable temporal post-processor (TPP) harnessing a simple but versatile machine learning algorithm to provide optimal processing of quantum measurement data subject to arbitrary noise processes, for the readout of an arbitrary number of quantum states. We demonstrate the TPP on the essential task of qubit state readout, which has historically relied on temporal processing via matched filters in spite of their applicability only for specific noise conditions. Our results show that the TPP can reliably outperform standard filtering approaches under complex readout conditions, such as high power readout. Using simulations of quantum measurement noise sources, we show that this advantage relies on the TPP's ability to learn optimal linear filters that account for general quantum noise correlations in data, such as those due to quantum jumps, or correlated noise added by a phase-preserving quantum amplifier. Furthermore, we derive an exact analytic form for the optimal TPP weights: this positions the TPP as a linearly-scaling generalization of matched filtering, valid for an arbitrary number of states under the most general readout noise conditions, all while preserving a training complexity that is essentially negligible in comparison to that of training neural networks for processing temporal quantum measurement data. The TPP can be autonomously and reliably trained on measurement data and requires only linear operations, making it ideal for FPGA implementations in cQED for real-time processing of measurement data from general quantum systems.

Josephson parametric amplifier with Chebyshev gain profile and high saturation

Ryan Kaufman, Theodore White, Mark I. Dykman, Andrea Iorio, George Stirling, Sabrina Hong, Alex Opremcak, Andreas Bengtsson, Lara Faoro, Joseph C. Bardin, Tim Burger, Robert Gasca, Ofer Naaman

We demonstrate a Josephson parametric amplifier design with a band-pass impedance matching network based on a third-order Chebyshev prototype. We measured eight amplifiers operating at 4.6 GHz that exhibit gains of 20 dB with less than 1 dB gain ripple and up to 500 MHz bandwidth. The amplifiers further achieve high output saturation powers around -73 dBm based on the use of rf-SQUID arrays as their nonlinear element. We characterize the system readout efficiency and its signal-to-noise ratio near saturation using a Sycamore processor, finding the data consistent with near quantum limited noise performance of the amplifiers. In addition, we measure the amplifiers' intermodulation distortion in two-tone experiments as a function of input power and inter-tone detuning, and observe excess distortion at small detuning with a pronounced dip as a function of signal power, which we interpret in terms of power-dependent dielectric losses.

Pump-efficient Josephson parametric amplifiers with high saturation power

Nicholas M. Hougland, Zhuan Li, Ryan Kaufman, Boris Mesits, Roger S. K. Mong, Michael Hatridge, David Pekker

Circuit QED based quantum information processing relies on low noise amplification for signal readout. In the realm of microwave superconducting circuits, this amplification is often achieved via Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPA). In the past, these amplifiers exhibited low power added efficiency (PAE), which is roughly the fraction of pump power that is converted to output signal power. This is increasingly relevant because recent attempts to build high saturation power amplifiers achieve this at the cost of very low PAE, which in turn puts a high heat load on the cryostat and limits the number of these devices that a dilution refrigerator can host. Here, we numerically investigate upper bounds on PAE. We focus on a class of parametric amplifiers that consists of a capacitor shunted by a nonlinear inductive block. We first set a benchmark for this class of amplifiers by considering nonlinear blocks described by an arbitrary polynomial current-phase relation. Next, we propose two circuit implementations of the nonlinear block. Finally, we investigate chaining polynomial amplifiers. We find that while amplifiers with higher gain have a lower PAE, regardless of the gain there is considerable room to improve as compared to state of the art devices. For example, for a phase-sensitive amplifier with a power gain of 20 dB, the PAE is ~0.1% for typical JPAs, 5.9% for our simpler circuit JPAs, 34% for our more complex circuit JPAs, 48% for our arbitrary polynomial amplifiers, and at least 95% for our chained amplifiers.

Simple, High Saturation Power, Quantum-limited, RF SQUID Array-based Josephson Parametric Amplifiers

Ryan Kaufman, Chenxu Liu, Katarina Cicak, Boris Mesits, Mingkang Xia, Chao Zhou, Maria Nowicki, José Aumentado, David Pekker, Michael Hatridge

High-fidelity quantum non-demolition qubit measurement is critical to error correction and rapid qubit feedback in large-scale quantum computing. High-fidelity readout requires passing a short and strong pulse through the qubit's readout resonator, which is then processed by a sufficiently high bandwidth, high saturation power, and quantum-limited amplifier. We have developed a design pipeline that combines time-domain simulation of the un-truncated device Hamiltonian, fabrication constraints, and maximization of saturation power. We have realized an amplifier based on a modified NIST tri-layer Nb fabrication suite which utilizes an array of 25 radio frequency Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices (rf SQUIDs) embedded within a low-Q resonator powered by a high-power voltage pump delivered via a diplexer on the signal port. We show that, despite the intensity of the pump, the device is quantum-efficient and capable of high-fidelity measurement limited by state transitions in the transmon. We present experimental data demonstrating up to -91.2 dBm input saturation power with 20 dB gain, up to 28 MHz instantaneous bandwidth, and phase-preserving qubit measurements with 62% quantum efficiency.

Hilbert space signatures of non-ergodic glassy dynamics

Aleksey Lunkin, Nicole S. Ticea, Shashwat Kumar, Connie Miao, Jaehong Choi, Mohammed Alghadeer, Ilya Drozdov, Dmitry Abanin, Amira Abbas, Rajeev Acharya, Laleh Beni, Georg Aigeldinger, Ross Alcaraz, Sayra Alcaraz, Markus Ansmann, Frank Arute, Kunal Arya, Walt Askew, Nikita Astrakhantsev, Juan Atalaya, Ryan Babbush, Brian Ballard, Joseph C. Bardin, Hector Bates, Andreas Bengtsson, Majid Karimi, Alexander Bilmes, Simon Bilodeau, Felix Borjans, Alexandre Bourassa, Jenna Bovaird, Dylan Bowers, Leon Brill, Peter Brooks, Michael Broughton, David A. Browne, Brett Buchea, Bob B. Buckley, Tim Burger, Brian Burkett, Nicholas Bushnell, Jamal Busnaina, Anthony Cabrera, Juan Campero, Hung-Shen Chang, Silas Chen, Zijun Chen, Ben Chiaro, Liang-Ying Chih, Agnetta Y. Cleland, Bryan Cochrane, Matt Cockrell, Josh Cogan, Paul Conner, Harold Cook, Rodrigo G. Cortiñas, William Courtney, Alexander L. Crook, Ben Curtin, Martin Damyanov, Sayan Das, Dripto M. Debroy, Sean Demura, Paul Donohoe, Andrew Dunsworth, Valerie Ehimhen, Alec Eickbusch, Aviv Moshe Elbag, Lior Ella, Mahmoud Elzouka, David Enriquez, Catherine Erickson, Lara Faoro, Vinicius S. Ferreira, Marcos Flores, Leslie Burgos, Sam Fontes, Ebrahim Forati, Jeremiah Ford, Brooks Foxen, Masaya Fukami, Alan Wing Fung, Lenny Fuste, Suhas Ganjam, Gonzalo Garcia, Christopher Garrick, Robert Gasca, Helge Gehring, Robert Geiger, William Giang, Dar Gilboa, James E. Goeders, Edward C. Gonzales, Raja Gosula, Stijn J. Graaf, Alejandro Dau, Dietrich Graumann, Joel Grebel, Alex Greene, Jonathan A. Gross, Jose Guerrero, Loïck Guevel, Tan Ha, Steve Habegger, Tanner Hadick, Ali Hadjikhani, Michael C. Hamilton, Monica Hansen, Matthew P. Harrigan, Sean D. Harrington, Jeanne Hartshorn, Stephen Heslin, Paula Heu, Oscar Higgott, Reno Hiltermann, Jeremy Hilton, Hsin-Yuan Huang, Mike Hucka, Christopher Hudspeth, Ashley Huff, William J. Huggins, Evan Jeffrey, Shaun Jevons, Zhang Jiang, Xiaoxuan Jin, Cody Jones, Chaitali Joshi, Pavol Juhas, Andreas Kabel, Dvir Kafri, Hui Kang, Kiseo Kang, Amir H. Karamlou, Ryan Kaufman, Kostyantyn Kechedzhi, Julian Kelly, Tanuj Khattar, Mostafa Khezri, Seon Kim, Paul V. Klimov, Can M. Knaut, Bryce Kobrin, Alexander N. Korotkov, Fedor Kostritsa, John Mark Kreikebaum, Ryuho Kudo, Ben Kueffler, Arun Kumar, Vladislav D. Kurilovich, Vitali Kutsko, Tiano Lange-Dei, Brandon W. Langley, Pavel Laptev, Kim-Ming Lau, Emma Leavell, Justin Ledford, Joonho Lee, Joy Lee, Kenny Lee, Brian J. Lester, Wendy Leung, Lily Li, Wing Yan Li, Ming Li, Alexander T. Lill, William P. Livingston, Matthew T. Lloyd, Laura Lorenzo, Erik Lucero, Daniel Lundahl, Aaron Lunt, Sid Madhuk, Aniket Maiti, Ashley Maloney, Salvatore Mandrà, Leigh S. Martin, Orion Martin, Eric Mascot, Paul Das, Dmitri Maslov, Melvin Mathews, Cameron Maxfield, Jarrod R. McClean, Matt McEwen, Seneca Meeks, Anthony Megrant, Kevin C. Miao, Zlatko K. Minev, Reza Molavi, Sebastian Molina, Shirin Montazeri, Charles Neill, Michael Newman, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Nguyen, Chia-Hung Ni, Murphy Yuezhen Niu, Logan Oas, William D. Oliver, Raymond Orosco, Kristoffer Ottosson, Alice Pagano, Agustin Paolo, Sherman Peek, David Peterson, Alex Pizzuto, Elias Portoles, Rebecca Potter, Orion Pritchard, Michael Qian, Chris Quintana, Ganesh Ramachandran, Arpit Ranadive, Matthew J. Reagor, Rachel Resnick, David M. Rhodes, Daniel Riley, Gabrielle Roberts, Roberto Rodriguez, Emma Ropes, Lucia B. Rose, Eliott Rosenberg, Emma Rosenfeld, Dario Rosenstock, Elizabeth Rossi, David A. Rower, Robert Salazar, Kannan Sankaragomathi, Murat Can Sarihan, Kevin J. Satzinger, Max Schaefer, Sebastian Schroeder, Henry F. Schurkus, Aria Shahingohar, Michael J. Shearn, Aaron Shorter, Vladimir Shvarts, Volodymyr Sivak, Spencer Small, W. Clarke Smith, David A. Sobel, Barrett Spells, Sofia Springer, George Sterling, Jordan Suchard, Aaron Szasz, Alexander Sztein, Madeline Taylor, Jothi Priyanka Thiruraman, Douglas Thor, Dogan Timucin, Eifu Tomita, Alfredo Torres, M. Mert Torunbalci, Hao Tran, Abeer Vaishnav, Justin Vargas, Sergey Vdovichev, Guifre Vidal, Benjamin Villalonga, Catherine Heidweiller, Meghan Voorhees, Steven Waltman, Jonathan Waltz, Shannon X. Wang, Brayden Ware, James D. Watson, Yonghua Wei, Travis Weidel, Theodore White, Kristi Wong, Bryan W. Woo, Christopher J. Wood, Maddy Woodson, Cheng Xing, Z. Jamie Yao, Ping Yeh, Bicheng Ying, Juhwan Yoo, Noureldin Yosri, Elliot Young, Grayson Young, Adam Zalcman, Ran Zhang, Yaxing Zhang, Ningfeng Zhu, Nicholas Zobrist, Zhenjie Zou, Sergio Boixo, Hartmut Neven, Vadim Smelyanskiy, Trond I. Andersen, Pedram Roushan, Mikhail V. Feigelman, Lev B. Ioffe

Scaling laws for partially developed turbulence

Abigail Hsu, Ryan Kaufman, James Glimm

We formulate multifractal models for velocity differences and gradients which describe the full range of length scales in turbulent flow, namely: laminar, dissipation, inertial, and stirring ranges. The models subsume existing models of inertial range turbulence. In the localized ranges of length scales in which the turbulence is only partially developed, we propose multifractal scaling laws with scaling exponents modified from their inertial range values. In local regions, even within a fully developed turbulent flow, the turbulence is not isotropic nor scale invariant due to the influence of larger turbulent structures (or their absence). For this reason, turbulence that is not fully developed is an important issue which inertial range study can not address. In the ranges of partially developed turbulence, the flow can be far from universal, so that standard inertial range turbulence scaling models become inapplicable. The model proposed here serves as a replacement.Details of the fitting of the parameters for the $τ_p$ and $ζ_p$ models in the dissipation range are discussed. Some of the behavior of $ζ_p$ for larger $p$ is unexplained. The theories are verified by comparing to high resolution simulation data.

Realizing all-to-all couplings among detachable quantum modules using a microwave quantum state router

Chao Zhou, Pinlei Lu, Matthieu Praquin, Tzu-Chiao Chien, Ryan Kaufman, Xi Cao, Mingkang Xia, Roger Mong, Wolfgang Pfaff, David Pekker, Michael Hatridge

One of the primary challenges in realizing large-scale quantum processors is the realization of qubit couplings that balance interaction strength, connectivity, and mode confinement. Moreover, it is very desirable for the device elements to be detachable, allowing components to be built, tested, and replaced independently. In this work, we present a microwave quantum state router, centered on parametrically driven, Josephson-junction based three-wave mixing, that realizes all-to-all couplings among four detachable quantum modules. We demonstrate coherent exchange among all four communication modes, with an average full-iSWAP time of 764ns and average inferred inter-module exchange fidelity of 0.969, limited by mode coherence. We also demonstrate photon transfer and pairwise entanglement between module qubits, and parallel operation of simultaneous iSWAP exchange across the router. Our router-module architecture serves as a prototype of modular quantum computer that has great potential for enabling flexible, demountable, large-scale quantum networks of superconducting qubits and cavities.

Exceeding the Parametric Drive Strength Threshold in Nonlinear Circuits

Mingkang Xia, Cristóbal Lledó, Matthew Capocci, Jacob Repicky, Benjamin D'Anjou, Ian Mondragon-Shem, Ryan Kaufman, Jens Koch, Alexandre Blais, Michael Hatridge

Superconducting quantum circuits rely on strong drives to implement fast gates, high-fidelity readout, and state stabilization. However, these drives can induce uncontrolled excitations, so-called "ionization", that compromise the fidelity of these operations. While now well-characterized in the context of qubit readout, it remains unclear how general this limitation is across the more general setting of parametric control. Here, we demonstrate that a nonlinear coupler, exemplified by a transmon, undergoes ionization under strong parametric driving, leading to a breakdown of coherent control and thereby limiting the accessible gate speeds. Through experiments and numerical simulations, we associate this behavior with the emergence of drive-induced chaotic dynamics, which we characterize quantitatively using the instantaneous Floquet spectrum. Our results reveal that the Floquet spectrum provides a unifying framework for understanding strong-drive limitations across a wide range of operations on superconducting quantum circuits. This insight establishes fundamental constraints on parametric control and offers design principles for mitigating drive-induced decoherence in next-generation quantum processors.

Observation of disorder-induced superfluidity

Nicole Ticea, Elias Portoles, Eliott Rosenberg, Alexander Schuckert, Aaron Szasz, Bryce Kobrin, Nicolas Pomata, Pranjal Praneel, Connie Miao, Shashwat Kumar, Ella Crane, Ilya Drozdov, Yuri Lensky, Sofia Gonzalez-Garcia, Thomas Kiely, Dmitry Abanin, Amira Abbas, Rajeev Acharya, Laleh Aghababaie Beni, Georg Aigeldinger, Ross Alcaraz, Sayra Alcaraz, Markus Ansmann, Frank Arute, Kunal Arya, Walt Askew, Nikita Astrakhantsev, Juan Atalaya, Ryan Babbush, Brian Ballard, Hector Bates, Andreas Bengtsson, Majid Bigdeli Karimi, Alexander Bilmes, Simon Bilodeau, Felix Borjans, Alexandre Bourassa, Jenna Bovaird, Dylan Bowers, Leon Brill, Peter Brooks, Michael Broughton, David A. Browne, Brett Buchea, Bob B. Buckley, Tim Burger, Brian Burkett, Jamal Busnaina, Nicholas Bushnell, Anthony Cabrera, Juan Campero, Hung-Shen Chang, Silas Chen, Zijun Chen, Ben Chiaro, Liang-Ying Chih, Agnetta Y. Cleland, Bryan Cochrane, Matt Cockrell, Josh Cogan, Paul Conner, Harold Cook, Rodrigo G. Cortiñas, William Courtney, Alexander L. Crook, Ben Curtin, Sayan Das, Martin Damyanov, Dripto M. Debroy, Stijn J. de Graaf, Laura De Lorenzo, Sean Demura, Lucia B. De Rose, Agustin Di Paolo, Paul Donohoe, Andrew Dunsworth, Valerie Ehimhen, Alec Eickbusch, Aviv Moshe Elbag, Lior Ella, Mahmoud Elzouka, David Enriquez, Catherine Erickson, Lara Faoro, Vinicius S. Ferreira, Marcos Flores, Leslie Flores Burgos, Sam Fontes, Ebrahim Forati, Jeremiah Ford, Brooks Foxen, Masaya Fukami, Alan Wing Lun Fung, Lenny Fuste, Suhas Ganjam, Gonzalo Garcia, Christopher Garrick, Robert Gasca, Helge Gehring, Robert Geiger, Élie Genois, William Giang, Dar Gilboa, James E. Goeders, Edward C. Gonzales, Raja Gosula, Alejandro Grajales Dau, Dietrich Graumann, Joel Grebel, Alex Greene, Jonathan A. Gross, Jose Guerrero, Tan Ha, Steve Habegger, Tanner Hadick, Ali Hadjikhani, Monica Hansen, Matthew P. Harrigan, Sean D. Harrington, Jeanne Hartshorn, Stephen Heslin, Paula Heu, Oscar Higgott, Reno Hiltermann, Jeremy Hilton, Hsin-Yuan Huang, Mike Hucka, Christopher Hudspeth, Ashley Huff, William J. Huggins, Evan Jeffrey, Shaun Jevons, Zhang Jiang, Xiaoxuan Jin, Cody Jones, Chaitali Joshi, Pavol Juhas, Andreas Kabel, Dvir Kafri, Hui Kang, Kiseo Kang, Amir H. Karamlou, Ryan Kaufman, Kostyantyn Kechedzhi, Julian Kelly, Tanuj Khattar, Mostafa Khezri, Seon Kim, Paul V. Klimov, Can M. Knaut, Alexander N. Korotkov, Fedor Kostritsa, John Mark Kreikebaum, Ryuho Kudo, Arun Kumar, Ben Kueffler, Vladislav D. Kurilovich, Vitali Kutsko, Nathan Lacroix, Tiano Lange-Dei, Brandon W. Langley, Pavel Laptev, Kim-Ming Lau, Emma Leavell, Loick Le Guevel, Justin Ledford, Joy Lee, Kenny Lee, Brian J. Lester, Wendy Leung, Matthew T. Lloyd, Lily L Li, Wing Yan Li, Ming Li, Alexander T. Lill, William P. Livingston, Aditya Locharla, Erik Lucero, Daniel Lundahl, Aaron Lunt, Sid Madhuk, Aniket Maiti, Ashley Maloney, Salvatore Mandrà, Leigh S. Martin, Orion Martin, Eric Mascot, Paul Masih Das, Dmitri Maslov, Melvin Mathews, Cameron Maxfield, Jarrod R. McClean, Matt McEwen, Seneca Meeks, Anthony Megrant, Kevin C. Miao, Reza Molavi, Sebastian Molina, Shirin Montazeri, Charles Neill, Michael Newman, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Nguyen, Chia-Hung Ni, Murphy Yuezhen Niu, Nicholas Noll, Logan Oas, William D. Oliver, Raymond Orosco, Kristoffer Ottosson, Alice Pagano, Sherman Peek, David Peterson, Alex Pizzuto, Rebecca Potter, Orion Pritchard, Michael Qian, Chris Quintana, Arpit Ranadive, Ganesh Ramachandran, Matthew J. Reagor, Rachel Resnick, David M. Rhodes, Daniel Riley, Gabrielle Roberts, Roberto Rodriguez, Emma Ropes, Eliott Rosenberg, Emma Rosenfeld, Dario Rosenstock, Elizabeth Rossi, David A. Rower, Robert Salazar, Kannan Sankaragomathi, Murat Can Sarihan, Kevin J. Satzinger, Sebastian Schroeder, Henry F. Schurkus, Aria Shahingohar, Michael J. Shearn, Aaron Shorter, Vladimir Shvarts, Volodymyr Sivak, Spencer Small, W. Clarke Smith, David A. Sobel, Barrett Spells, Sofia Springer, George Sterling, Jordan Suchard, Alexander Sztein, Madeline Taylor, Jothi Priyanka Thiruraman, Douglas Thor, Dogan Timucin, Eifu Tomita, Alfredo Torres, M. Mert Torunbalci, Hao Tran, Abeer Vaishnav, Justin Vargas, Sergey Vdovichev, Benjamin Villalonga, Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller, Meghan Voorhees, Steven Waltman, Jonathan Waltz, Shannon X. Wang, Danni Wang, Brayden Ware, James D. Watson, Yonghua Wei, Travis Weidel, Theodore White, Kristi Wong, Bryan W. K. Woo, Christopher J. Wood, Maddy Woodson, Cheng Xing, Z. Jamie Yao, Ping Yeh, Bicheng Ying, Juhwan Yoo, Noureldin Yosri, Elliot Young, Grayson Young, Adam Zalcman, Ran Zhang, Yaxing Zhang, Ningfeng Zhu, Nicholas Zobrist, Zhenjie Zou, Sergio Boixo, Hartmut Neven, Vadim Smelyanskiy, Guifre Vidal, Erich Mueller, Trond Andersen, Lev Ioffe, Andre Petukhov, Mohammad Hafezi, Pedram Roushan

Quantum-Classical Separation in Bounded-Resource Tasks Arising from Measurement Contextuality

Shashwat Kumar, Eliott Rosenberg, Alejandro Grajales Dau, Rodrigo Cortinas, Dmitri Maslov, Richard Oliver, Adam Zalcman, Matthew Neeley, Alice Pagano, Aaron Szasz, Ilya Drozdov, Zlatko Minev, Craig Gidney, Noureldin Yosri, Stijn J. de Graaf, Aniket Maiti, Dmitry Abanin, Rajeev Acharya, Laleh Aghababaie Beni, Georg Aigeldinger, Ross Alcaraz, Sayra Alcaraz, Trond I. Andersen, Markus Ansmann, Frank Arute, Kunal Arya, Walt Askew, Nikita Astrakhantsev, Juan Atalaya, Ryan Babbush, Brian Ballard, Joseph C. Bardin, Hector Bates, Andreas Bengtsson, Martin Bigdeli, Alexander Bilmes, Simon Bilodeau, Felix Borjans, Alexandre Bourassa, Jenna Bovaird, Dylan Bowers, Leon Brill, Peter Brooks, Michael Broughton, David A. Browne, Brett Buchea, Bob B. Buckley, Tim Burger, Brian Burkett, Nicholas Bushnell, Jamal Busnaina, Anthony Cabrera, Juan Campero, Hung-Shen Chang, Silas Chen, Zijun Chen, Ben Chiaro, Liang-Ying Chih, Jahan Claes, Agnetta Y. Cleland, Bryan Cochrane, Matt Cockrell, Josh Cogan, Roberto Collins, Paul Conner, Harold Cook, William Courtney, Alexander L. Crook, Ben Curtin, Sayan Das, Laura De Lorenzo, Sean Demura, Agustin Di Paolo, Paul Donohoe, Andrew Dunsworth, Valerie Ehimhen, Alec Eickbusch, Aviv Moshe Elbag, Lior Ella, Mahmoud Elzouka, David Enriquez, Catherine Erickson, Vinicius S. Ferreira, Marcos Flores, Leslie Flores Burgos, Ebrahim Forati, Jeremiah Ford, Austin G. Fowler, Brooks Foxen, Masaya Fukami, Alan Wing Lun Fung, Lenny Fuste, Suhas Ganjam, Gonzalo Garcia, Christopher Garrick, Robert Gasca, Helge Gehring, Élie Genois, William Giang, Dar Gilboa, James E. Goeders, Ed Gonzales, Raja Gosula, Dietrich Graumann, Joel Grebel, Alex Greene, Jonathan A. Gross, Jose Guerrero, Tan Ha, Steve Habegger, Tanner Hadick, Monica Hansen, Matthew P. Harrigan, Sean D. Harrington, Jeanne Hartshorn, Stephen Heslin, Paula Heu, Oscar Higgott, Reno Hiltermann, Jeremy Hilton, Hsin-Yuan Huang, Mike Hucka, Ashley Huff, William J. Huggins, Evan Jeffrey, Shaun Jevons, Zhang Jiang, Xiaoxuan Jin, Cody Jones, Chaitali Joshi, Pavol Juhas, Andreas Kabel, Dvir Kafri, Hui Kang, Amir H. Karamlou, Ryan Kaufman, Kostyantyn Kechedzhi, Trupti Khaire, Tanuj Khattar, Mostafa Khezri, Seon Kim, Paul V. Klimov, Can M. Knaut, Bryce Kobrin, Alexander N. Korotkov, Fedor Kostritsa, John Mark Kreikebaum, Ryuho Kudo, Ben Kueffler, Arun Kumar, Vladislav D. Kurilovich, Vitali Kutsko, David Landhuis, Tiano Lange-Dei, Brandon W. Langley, Pavel Laptev, Kim-Ming Lau, Loïck Le Guevel, Emma Leavell, Justin Ledford, Joy Lee, Kenny Lee, Brian J. Lester, Wendy Leung, Lily L Li, Wing Yan Li, Alexander T. Lill, William P. Livingston, Matthew T. Lloyd, Aditya Locharla, Daniel Lundahl, Aaron Lunt, Sid Madhuk, Ashley Maloney, Salvatore Mandrà, Leigh S. Martin, Orion Martin, Eric Mascot, Paul Masih Das, Cameron Maxfield, Jarrod R. McClean, Matt McEwen, Seneca Meeks, Anthony Megrant, Kevin C. Miao, Reza Molavi, Sebastian Molina, Shirin Montazeri, Charles Neill, Michael Newman, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Nguyen, Chia-Hung Ni, Murphy Yuezhen Niu, Logan Oas, William D. Oliver, Raymond Orosco, Kristoffer Ottosson, Sherman Peek, David Peterson, Alex Pizzuto, Rebecca Potter, Orion Pritchard, Michael Qian, Chris Quintana, Ganesh Ramachandran, Arpit Ranadive, Matthew J. Reagor, Rachel Resnick, David M. Rhodes, Daniel Riley, Gabrielle Roberts, Roberto Rodriguez, Emma Ropes, Emma Rosenfeld, Dario Rosenstock, Elizabeth Rossi, David A. Rower, Kannan Sankaragomathi, Murat Can Sarihan, Kevin J. Satzinger, Sebastian Schroeder, Henry F. Schurkus, Aria Shahingohar, Michael J. Shearn, Aaron Shorter, Noah Shutty, Vladimir Shvarts, Volodymyr Sivak, Spencer Small, W. Clarke Smith, David A. Sobel, Barrett Spells, Sofia Springer, George Sterling, Jordan Suchard, Alexander Sztein, Madeline Taylor, Jothi Priyanka Thiruraman, Douglas Thor, Dogan Timucin, Eifu Tomita, Alfredo Torres, M. Mert Torunbalci, Hao Tran, Abeer Vaishnav, Justin Vargas, Sergey Vdovichev, Guifre Vidal, Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller, Meghan Voorhees, Steven Waltman, Jonathan Waltz, Shannon X. Wang, Brayden Ware, James D. Watson, Travis Weidel, Theodore White, Kristi Wong, Bryan W. K. Woo, Christopher J. Wood, Maddy Woodson, Cheng Xing, Z. Jamie Yao, Ping Yeh, Bicheng Ying, Juhwan Yoo, Elliot Young, Grayson Young, Ran Zhang, Yaxing Zhang, Ningfeng Zhu, Nicholas Zobrist, Zhenjie Zou, Shruti Puri, Erik Lucero, Julian Kelly, Sergio Boixo, Yu Chen, Vadim Smelyanskiy, Hartmut Neven, Pedram Roushan, Michel Devoret

Reinforcement Learning Control of Quantum Error Correction

Volodymyr Sivak, Alexis Morvan, Michael Broughton, Rodrigo G. Cortiñas, Johannes Bausch, Andrew W. Senior, Matthew Neeley, Alec Eickbusch, Noah Shutty, Laleh Aghababaie Beni, James S. Spencer, Francisco J. H Heras, Thomas Edlich, Dmitry Abanin, Amira Abbas, Rajeev Acharya, Georg Aigeldinger, Ross Alcaraz, Sayra Alcaraz, Trond I. Andersen, Markus Ansmann, Frank Arute, Kunal Arya, Walt Askew, Nikita Astrakhantsev, Juan Atalaya, Brian Ballard, Joseph C. Bardin, Hector Bates, Andreas Bengtsson, Majid Bigdeli Karimi, Alexander Bilmes, Simon Bilodeau, Felix Borjans, Alexandre Bourassa, Jenna Bovaird, Dylan Bowers, Leon Brill, Peter Brooks, David A. Browne, Brett Buchea, Bob B. Buckley, Tim Burger, Brian Burkett, Nicholas Bushnell, Jamal Busnaina, Anthony Cabrera, Juan Campero, Hung-Shen Chang, Silas Chen, Ben Chiaro, Liang-Ying Chih, Agnetta Y. Cleland, Bryan Cochrane, Matt Cockrell, Josh Cogan, Roberto Collins, Paul Conner, Harold Cook, William Courtney, Alexander L. Crook, Ben Curtin, Martin Damyanov, Sayan Das, Dripto M. Debroy, Sean Demura, Paul Donohoe, Ilya Drozdov, Andrew Dunsworth, Valerie Ehimhen, Aviv Moshe Elbag, Lior Ella, Mahmoud Elzouka, David Enriquez, Catherine Erickson, Vinicius S. Ferreira, Marcos Flores, Leslie Flores Burgos, Ebrahim Forati, Jeremiah Ford, Austin G. Fowler, Brooks Foxen, Masaya Fukami, Alan Wing Lun Fung, Lenny Fuste, Suhas Ganjam, Gonzalo Garcia, Christopher Garrick, Robert Gasca, Helge Gehring, Robert Geiger, Élie Genois, William Giang, Dar Gilboa, James E. Goeders, Edward C. Gonzales, Raja Gosula, Stijn J. de Graaf, Alejandro Grajales Dau, Dietrich Graumann, Joel Grebel, Alex Greene, Jonathan A. Gross, Jose Guerrero, Loïck Le Guevel, Tan Ha, Steve Habegger, Tanner Hadick, Ali Hadjikhani, Michael C. Hamilton, Matthew P. Harrigan, Sean D. Harrington, Jeanne Hartshorn, Stephen Heslin, Paula Heu, Oscar Higgott, Reno Hiltermann, Hsin-Yuan Huang, Mike Hucka, Christopher Hudspeth, Ashley Huff, William J. Huggins, Evan Jeffrey, Shaun Jevons, Zhang Jiang, Xiaoxuan Jin, Chaitali Joshi, Pavol Juhas, Andreas Kabel, Dvir Kafri, Hui Kang, Kiseo Kang, Amir H. Karamlou, Ryan Kaufman, Kostyantyn Kechedzhi, Tanuj Khattar, Mostafa Khezri, Seon Kim, Can M. Knaut, Bryce Kobrin, Fedor Kostritsa, John Mark Kreikebaum, Ryuho Kudo, Ben Kueffler, Arun Kumar, Vladislav D. Kurilovich, Vitali Kutsko, Nathan Lacroix, David Landhuis, Tiano Lange-Dei, Brandon W. Langley, Pavel Laptev, Kim-Ming Lau, Justin Ledford, Joy Lee, Kenny Lee, Brian J. Lester, Wendy Leung, Lily Li, Wing Yan Li, Ming Li, Alexander T. Lill, William P. Livingston, Matthew T. Lloyd, Aditya Locharla, Laura De Lorenzo, Daniel Lundahl, Aaron Lunt, Sid Madhuk, Aniket Maiti, Ashley Maloney, Salvatore Mandrà, Leigh S. Martin, Orion Martin, Eric Mascot, Paul Masih Das, Dmitri Maslov, Melvin Mathews, Cameron Maxfield, Jarrod R. McClean, Matt McEwen, Seneca Meeks, Kevin C. Miao, Zlatko K. Minev, Reza Molavi, Sebastian Molina, Shirin Montazeri, Charles Neill, Michael Newman, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Nguyen, Chia-Hung Ni, Murphy Yuezhen Niu, Logan Oas, Raymond Orosco, Kristoffer Ottosson, Alice Pagano, Agustin Di Paolo, Sherman Peek, David Peterson, Alex Pizzuto, Elias Portoles, Rebecca Potter, Orion Pritchard, Michael Qian, Chris Quintana, Arpit Ranadive, Matthew J. Reagor, Rachel Resnick, David M. Rhodes, Daniel Riley, Gabrielle Roberts, Roberto Rodriguez, Emma Ropes, Lucia B. De Rose, Eliott Rosenberg, Emma Rosenfeld, Dario Rosenstock, Elizabeth Rossi, Pedram Roushan, David A. Rower, Robert Salazar, Kannan Sankaragomathi, Murat Can Sarihan, Kevin J. Satzinger, Max Schaefer, Sebastian Schroeder, Henry F. Schurkus, Aria Shahingohar, Michael J. Shearn, Aaron Shorter, Vladimir Shvarts, Spencer Small, W. Clarke Smith, David A. Sobel, Barrett Spells, Sofia Springer, George Sterling, Jordan Suchard, Aaron Szasz, Alexander Sztein, Madeline Taylor, Jothi Priyanka Thiruraman, Douglas Thor, Dogan Timucin, Eifu Tomita, Alfredo Torres, M. Mert Torunbalci, Hao Tran, Abeer Vaishnav, Justin Vargas, Sergey Vdovichev, Guifre Vidal, Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller, Meghan Voorhees, Steven Waltman, Jonathan Waltz, Shannon X. Wang, Brayden Ware, James D. Watson, Yonghua Wei, Travis Weidel, Theodore White, Kristi Wong, Bryan W. K. Woo, Christopher J. Wood, Maddy Woodson, Cheng Xing, Z. Jamie Yao, Ping Yeh, Bicheng Ying, Juhwan Yoo, Noureldin Yosri, Elliot Young, Grayson Young, Adam Zalcman, Ran Zhang, Yaxing Zhang, Ningfeng Zhu, Nicholas Zobrist, Zhenjie Zou, Ryan Babbush, Dave Bacon, Sergio Boixo, Yu Chen, Zijun Chen, Michel Devoret, Monica Hansen, Jeremy Hilton, Cody Jones, Julian Kelly, Alexander N. Korotkov, Erik Lucero, Anthony Megrant, Hartmut Neven, William D. Oliver, Ganesh Ramachandran, Vadim Smelyanskiy, Paul V. Klimov

Magic state cultivation on a superconducting quantum processor

Emma Rosenfeld, Craig Gidney, Gabrielle Roberts, Alexis Morvan, Nathan Lacroix, Dvir Kafri, Jeffrey Marshall, Ming Li, Volodymyr Sivak, Dmitry Abanin, Amira Abbas, Rajeev Acharya, Laleh Aghababaie Beni, Georg Aigeldinger, Ross Alcaraz, Sayra Alcaraz, Trond I. Andersen, Markus Ansmann, Frank Arute, Kunal Arya, Walt Askew, Nikita Astrakhantsev, Juan Atalaya, Ryan Babbush, Brian Ballard, Joseph C. Bardin, Hector Bates, Andreas Bengtsson, Majid Bigdeli Karimi, Alexander Bilmes, Simon Bilodeau, Felix Borjans, Jenna Bovaird, Dylan Bowers, Leon Brill, Peter Brooks, Michael Broughton, David A. Browne, Brett Buchea, Bob B. Buckley, Tim Burger, Brian Burkett, Nicholas Bushnell, Jamal Busnaina, Anthony Cabrera, Juan Campero, Hung-Shen Chang, Silas Chen, Zijun Chen, Ben Chiaro, Liang-Ying Chih, Agnetta Y. Cleland, Bryan Cochrane, Matt Cockrell, Josh Cogan, Paul Conner, Harold Cook, Rodrigo G. Cortiñas, William Courtney, Alexander L. Crook, Ben Curtin, Martin Damyanov, Sayan Das, Dripto M. Debroy, Sean Demura, Paul Donohoe, Ilya Drozdov, Andrew Dunsworth, Valerie Ehimhen, Alec Eickbusch, Aviv Moshe Elbag, Lior Ella, Mahmoud Elzouka, David Enriquez, Catherine Erickson, Lara Faoro, Vinicius S. Ferreira, Marcos Flores, Leslie Flores Burgos, Sam Fontes, Ebrahim Forati, Jeremiah Ford, Brooks Foxen, Masaya Fukami, Alan Wing Lun Fung, Lenny Fuste, Suhas Ganjam, Gonzalo Garcia, Christopher Garrick, Robert Gasca, Helge Gehring, Robert Geiger, Élie Genois, William Giang, Dar Gilboa, James E. Goeders, Edward C. Gonzales, Raja Gosula, Stijn J. de Graaf, Alejandro Grajales Dau, Dietrich Graumann, Joel Grebel, Alex Greene, Jonathan A. Gross, Jose Guerrero, Loïck Le Guevel, Tan Ha, Steve Habegger, Tanner Hadick, Ali Hadjikhani, Michael C. Hamilton, Monica Hansen, Matthew P. Harrigan, Sean D. Harrington, Jeanne Hartshorn, Stephen Heslin, Paula Heu, Oscar Higgott, Reno Hiltermann, Jeremy Hilton, Hsin-Yuan Huang, Mike Hucka, Christopher Hudspeth, Ashley Huff, William J. Huggins, Lev B. Ioffe, Evan Jeffrey, Shaun Jevons, Zhang Jiang, Xiaoxuan Jin, Chaitali Joshi, Pavol Juhas, Andreas Kabel, Hui Kang, Kiseo Kang, Amir H. Karamlou, Ryan Kaufman, Kostyantyn Kechedzhi, Tanuj Khattar, Mostafa Khezri, Seon Kim, Paul V. Klimov, Can M. Knaut, Bryce Kobrin, Alexander N. Korotkov, Fedor Kostritsa, John Mark Kreikebaum, Ryuho Kudo, Ben Kueffler, Arun Kumar, Vladislav D. Kurilovich, Vitali Kutsko, Tiano Lange-Dei, Brandon W. Langley, Pavel Laptev, Kim-Ming Lau, Emma Leavell, Justin Ledford, Joy Lee, Kenny Lee, Brian J. Lester, Wendy Leung, Lily Li, Wing Yan Li, Alexander T. Lill, William P. Livingston, Matthew T. Lloyd, Aditya Locharla, Laura De Lorenzo, Erik Lucero, Daniel Lundahl, Aaron Lunt, Sid Madhuk, Aniket Maiti, Ashley Maloney, Salvatore Mandrà, Leigh S. Martin, Orion Martin, Eric Mascot, Paul Masih Das, Dmitri Maslov, Melvin Mathews, Cameron Maxfield, Jarrod R. McClean, Matt McEwen, Seneca Meeks, Anthony Megrant, Kevin C. Miao, Zlatko K. Minev, Reza Molavi, Sebastian Molina, Shirin Montazeri, Charles Neill, Michael Newman, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Nguyen, Chia-Hung Ni, Murphy Yuezhen Niu, Nicholas Noll, Logan Oas, William D. Oliver, Raymond Orosco, Kristoffer Ottosson, Alice Pagano, Agustin Di Paolo, Sherman Peek, David Peterson, Alex Pizzuto, Elias Portoles, Rebecca Potter, Orion Pritchard, Michael Qian, Chris Quintana, Ganesh Ramachandran, Arpit Ranadive, Matthew J. Reagor, Rachel Resnick, David M. Rhodes, Daniel Riley, Roberto Rodriguez, Emma Ropes, Lucia B. De Rose, Eliott Rosenberg, Dario Rosenstock, Elizabeth Rossi, Pedram Roushan, David A. Rower, Robert Salazar, Kannan Sankaragomathi, Murat Can Sarihan, Max Schaefer, Sebastian Schroeder, Henry F. Schurkus, Aria Shahingohar, Michael J. Shearn, Aaron Shorter, Noah Shutty, Vladimir Shvarts, Spencer Small, W. Clarke Smith, David A. Sobel, Barrett Spells, Sofia Springer, George Sterling, Jordan Suchard, Aaron Szasz, Alexander Sztein, Madeline Taylor, Jothi Priyanka Thiruraman, Douglas Thor, Dogan Timucin, Eifu Tomita, Alfredo Torres, M. Mert Torunbalci, Hao Tran, Abeer Vaishnav, Justin Vargas, Sergey Vdovichev, Guifre Vidal, Benjamin Villalonga, Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller, Meghan Voorhees, Steven Waltman, Jonathan Waltz, Shannon X. Wang, Danni Wang, Brayden Ware, James D. Watson, Yonghua Wei, Travis Weidel, Theodore White, Kristi Wong, Bryan W. K. Woo, Christopher J. Wood, Maddy Woodson, Cheng Xing, Z. Jamie Yao, Ping Yeh, Bicheng Ying, Juhwan Yoo, Noureldin Yosri, Elliot Young, Grayson Young, Adam Zalcman, Ran Zhang, Yaxing Zhang, Ningfeng Zhu, Nicholas Zobrist, Zhenjie Zou, Hartmut Neven, Sergio Boixo, Cody Jones, Julian Kelly, Alexandre Bourassa, Kevin J. Satzinger