Nicole Ackerman, Timothy J. Atherton, Wouter Deconinck, Michael L. Falk, Savannah Garmon, Edward Henry, Elena Long
An account is presented of the special session on "Gender and Sexual Diversity Issues in Physics" which took place at the American Physical Society March Meeting 2012. The opinions of those who attended this session were solicited via an anonymous survey, the results of which are reported here. Drawing both upon ideas put forward by the speakers and audience from the meeting, a set of recommended actions is proposed for the Physics community to become more inclusive of LGBT+ people.
Erica Brondolin, Juan Miguel Carceller, Wouter Deconinck, Wenxing Fang, Brieuc Francois, Frank-Dieter Gaede, Gerardo Ganis, Benedikt Hegner, Clement Helsens, Xingtao Huang, Sylvester Joosten, Sang Hyun Ko, Tao Lin, Teng Li, Weidong Li, Thomas Madlener, Leonhard Reichenbach, André Sailer, Swathi Sasikumar, Juraj Smiesko, Graeme A Stewart, Alvaro Tolosa-Delgado, Valentin Volkl, Xiaomei Zhang, Jiaheng Zou
Detector studies for future experiments rely on advanced software tools to estimate performance and optimize their design and technology choices. The Key4hep project provides a flexible turnkey solution for the full experiment life-cycle based on established community tools such as ROOT, Geant4, DD4hep, Gaudi, podio and spack. Members of the CEPC, CLIC, EIC, FCC, and ILC communities have joined to develop this framework and have merged, or are in the progress of merging, their respective software environments into the Key4hep stack. These proceedings will give an overview over the recent progress in the Key4hep project: covering the developments towards adaptation of state-of-the-art tools for simulation (DD4hep, Gaussino), track and calorimeter reconstruction (ACTS, CLUE), particle flow (PandoraPFA), analysis via RDataFrame, and visualization with Phoenix, as well as tools for testing and validation.
Elham Gorgannejad, Wouter Deconinck, David S. Armstrong
The precise measurement of parity-violating asymmetries in parity-violating electron scattering experiments is a powerful tool for probing new physics beyond the Standard Model. Achieving the expected precision requires both experimental and post-processing signal corrections. This includes using auxiliary detectors to distinguish the main signal from background signals and implementing post-measurement corrections, such as the Bayesian statistics method, to address uncontrolled factors during the experiments. Asymmetry values in the scattering of electrons off proton targets in QWeak and P2 and off electron targets in MOLLER are influenced by detector array configurations, beam polarization angles, and beam spin variations. The Bayesian framework refines full probabilistic models to account for all necessary factors, thereby extracting asymmetry values and the underlying physics under specified conditions. For the QWeak experiment, a reanalysis of the inelastic asymmetry measurement using the Bayesian method has yielded a closer fit to measured asymmetries, with uncertainties reduced by 40\% compared to the Monte Carlo minimization method. This approach was successfully applied to simulated data for the MOLLER experiment and is predicted to be similarly effective in P2.
Roy Cruz Candelaria, Wouter Deconinck, Aman Desai, Guillermo Fidalgo Rodríguez, Michel Hernandez Villanueva, Kilian Lieret, Valeriia Lukashenko, Sudhir Malik, Marco Mambelli, Tetiana Mazurets, Alexander Moreno Briceño, Andres Rios-Tascon, Richa Sharma
We present the material and resources developed for training physicists on containerization technologies enabled by Apptainer. In the context of analysis preservation using Apptainer's capabilities, we have developed examples that execute common tools in High Energy Physics (HEP) and Nuclear Physics within containers. Training physicists on containerization technologies is of utmost importance in today's research landscape. By embracing these technologies, users can achieve enhanced reproducibility, portability, collaboration, and resource efficiency, assuring the conditions and integrity of the scientific analysis process. This training module,``Introduction to Apptainer/Singularity'', is part of the HEP Software Foundation Training Center, which aims to equip newcomers to the field of High Energy Physics with the necessary software skills and best practices.
Dominik Becker, Razvan Bucoveanu, Carsten Grzesik, Ruth Kempf, Kathrin Imai, Matthias Molitor, Alexey Tyukin, Marco Zimmermann, David Armstrong, Kurt Aulenbacher, Sebastian Baunack, Rakitha Beminiwattha, Niklaus Berger, Peter Bernhard, Andrea Brogna, Luigi Capozza, Silviu Covrig Dusa, Wouter Deconinck, Jürgen Diefenbach, Jens Erler, Ciprian Gal, Boris Gläser, Boxing Gou, Wolfgang Gradl, Michael Gericke, Mikhail Gorchtein, Yoshio Imai, Krishna S. Kumar, Frank Maas, Juliette Mammei, Jie Pan, Preeti Pandey, Kent Paschke, Ivan Perić, Mark Pitt, Sakib Rahman, Seamus Riordan, David Rodríguez Piñeiro, Concettina Sfienti, Iurii Sorokin, Paul Souder, Hubert Spiesberger, Michaela Thiel, Valery Tyukin, Quirin Weitzel
This article describes the future P2 parity-violating electron scattering facility at the upcoming MESA accelerator in Mainz. The physics program of the facility comprises indirect, high precision search for physics beyond the Standard Model, measurement of the neutron distribution in nuclear physics, single-spin asymmetries stemming from two-photon exchange and a possible future extension to the measurement of hadronic parity violation. The first measurement of the P2 experiment aims for a high precision determination of the weak mixing angle to a precision of 0.14% at a four-momentum transfer of Q^2 = 4.5 10^{-3} GeV^2. The accuracy is comparable to existing measurements at the Z pole. It comprises a sensitive test of the standard model up to a mass scale of 50 TeV, extendable to 70 TeV. This requires a measurement of the parity violating cross section asymmetry -39.94 10^{-9} in the elastic electron-proton scattering with a total accuracy of 0.56 10^-9 (1.4 %) in 10,000 h of 150 \micro A polarized electron beam impinging on a 60 cm liquid H_2 target allowing for an extraction of the weak charge of the proton which is directly connected to the weak mixing angle. Contributions from gamma Z-box graphs become small at the small beam energy of 155 MeV. The size of the asymmetry is the smallest asymmetry ever measured in electron scattering with an unprecedented goal for the accuracy. We report here on the conceptual design of the P2 spectrometer, its Cherenkov detectors, the integrating read-out electronics as well as the ultra-thin, fast tracking detectors. There has been substantial theory work done in preparation of the determination of the weak mixing angle. The further physics program in particle and nuclear physics is described as well.
Andre Sailer, Benedikt Hegner, Clement Helsens, Erica Brondolin, Frank-Dieter Gaede, Gerardo Ganis, Graeme A Stewart, Jiaheng Zou, Juraj Smiesko, Placido Fernandez Declara, Sang Hyun Ko, Sylvester Joosten, Tao Lin, Teng Li, Thomas Madlener, Valentin Volkl, Weidong Li, Wenxing Fang, Wouter Deconinck, Xingtao Huang, Xiaomei Zhang
The Key4hep project aims to provide a turnkey software solution for the full experiment lifecycle, based on established community tools. Several future collider communities (CEPC, CLIC, EIC, FCC, and ILC) have joined to develop and adapt their workflows to use the common data model EDM4hep and common framework. Besides sharing of existing experiment workflows, one focus of the Key4hep project is the development and integration of new experiment independent software libraries. Ongoing collaborations with projects such as ACTS, CLUE, PandoraPFA and the OpenDataDector show the potential of Key4hep as an experiment-independent testbed and development platform. In this talk, we present the challenges of an experiment-independent framework along with the lessons learned from discussions of interested communities (such as LUXE) and recent adopters of Key4hep in order to discuss how Key4hep could be of interest to the wider HEP community while staying true to its goal of supporting future collider designs studies.
HAPPEX collaboration, Z. Ahmed, K. Allada, K. A. Aniol, D. S. Armstrong, J. Arrington, P. Baturin, V. Bellini, J. Benesch, R. Beminiwattha, F. Benmokhtar, M. Canan, A. Camsonne, G. D. Cates, J. -P. Chen, E. Chudakov, E. Cisbani, M. M. Dalton, C. W. de Jager, R. De Leo, W. Deconinck, P. Decowski, X. Deng, A. Deur, C. Dutta, G. B. Franklin, M. Friend, S. Frullani, F. Garibaldi, A. Giusa, A. Glamazdin, S. Golge, K. Grimm, O. Hansen, D. W. Higinbotham, R. Holmes, T. Holmstrom, J. Huang, M. Huang, C. E. Hyde, C. M. Jen, G. Jin, D. Jones, H. Kang, P. King, S. Kowalski, K. S. Kumar, J. H. Lee, J. J. LeRose, N. Liyanage, E. Long, D. McNulty, D. Margaziotis, F. Meddi, D. G. Meekins, L. Mercado, Z. -E. Meziani, R. Michaels, C. Munoz-Camacho, M. Mihovilovic, N. Muangma, K. E. Myers, S. Nanda, A. Narayan, V. Nelyubin, Nuruzzaman, Y. Oh, K. Pan, D. Parno, K. D. Paschke, S. K. Phillips, X. Qian, Y. Qiang, B. Quinn, A. Rakhman, P. E. Reimer, K. Rider, S. Riordan, J. Roche, J. Rubin, G. Russo, K. Saenboonruang, A. Saha, B. Sawatzky, R. Silwal, S. Sirca, P. A. Souder, M. Sperduto, R. Subedi, R. Suleiman, V. Sulkosky, C. M. Sutera, W. A. Tobias, G. M. Urciuoli, B. Waidyawansa, D. Wang, J. Wexler, R. Wilson, B. Wojtsekhowski, X. Zhan, X. Yan, H. Yao, L. Ye, B. Zhao, X. Zheng
The parity-violating cross-section asymmetry in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons from unpolarized protons has been measured at a four-momentum transfer squared Q2 = 0.624 GeV and beam energy E =3.48 GeV to be A_PV = -23.80 +/- 0.78 (stat) +/- 0.36 (syst) parts per million. This result is consistent with zero contribution of strange quarks to the combination of electric and magnetic form factors G_E^s + 0.517 G_M^s = 0.003 +/- 0.010 (stat) +/- 0.004 (syst) +/- 0.009 (ff), where the third error is due to the limits of precision on the electromagnetic form factors and radiative corrections. With this measurement, the world data on strange contributions to nucleon form factors are seen to be consistent with zero and not more than a few percent of the proton form factors.
Qweak Collaboration, D. Androic, D. S. Armstrong, A. Asaturyan, T. Averett, J. Balewski, J. Beaufait, R. S. Beminiwattha, J. Benesch, F. Benmokhtar, J. Birchall, R. D. Carlini, G. D. Cates, J. C. Cornejo, S. Covrig, M. M. Dalton, C. A. Davis, W. Deconinck, J. Diefenbach, J. F. Dowd, J. A. Dunne, D. Dutta, W. S. Duvall, M. Elaasar, W. R. Falk, J. M. Finn, T. Forest, D. Gaskell, M. T. W. Gericke, J. Grames, V. M. Gray, K. Grimm, F. Guo, J. R. Hoskins, K. Johnston, D. Jones, M. Jones, R. Jones, M. Kargiantoulakis, P. M. King, E. Korkmaz, S. Kowalski, J. Leacock, J. Leckey, A. R. Lee, J. H. Lee, L. Lee, S. MacEwan, D. Mack, J. A. Magee, R. Mahurin, J. Mammei, J. W. Martin, M. J. McHugh, D. Meekins, J. Mei, R. Michaels, A. Micherdzinska, A. Mkrtchyan, H. Mkrtchyan, N. Morgan, K. E. Myers, A. Narayan, L. Z. Ndukum, V. Nelyubin, Nuruzzaman, W. T. H van Oers, A. K. Opper, S. A. Page, J. Pan, K. D. Paschke, S. K. Phillips, M. L. Pitt, M. Poelker, J. F. Rajotte, W. D. Ramsay, J. Roche, B. Sawatzky, T. Seva, M. H. Shabestari, R. Silwal, N. Simicevic, G. R. Smith, P. Solvignon, D. T. Spayde, A. Subedi, R. Subedi, R. Suleiman, V. Tadevosyan, W. A. Tobias, V. Tvaskis, B. Waidyawansa, P. Wang, S. P. Wells, S. A. Wood, S. Yang, R. D. Young, S. Zhamkochyan
The Qweak experiment has measured the parity-violating asymmetry in polarized e-p elastic scattering at Q^2 = 0.025(GeV/c)^2, employing 145 microamps of 89% longitudinally polarized electrons on a 34.4cm long liquid hydrogen target at Jefferson Lab. The results of the experiment's commissioning run are reported here, constituting approximately 4% of the data collected in the experiment. From these initial results the measured asymmetry is Aep = -279 +- 35 (statistics) +- 31 (systematics) ppb, which is the smallest and most precise asymmetry ever measured in polarized e-p scattering. The small Q^2 of this experiment has made possible the first determination of the weak charge of the proton, QpW, by incorporating earlier parity-violating electron scattering (PVES) data at higher Q^2 to constrain hadronic corrections. The value of QpW obtained in this way is QpW(PVES) = 0.064 +- 0.012, in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction of QpW(SM) = 0.0710 +- 0.0007. When this result is further combined with the Cs atomic parity violation (APV) measurement, significant constraints on the weak charges of the up and down quarks can also be extracted. That PVES+APV analysis reveals the neutron's weak charge to be QnW(PVES+APV) = -0.975 +- 0.010.