X. L. Sun, T. Tolba, G. F. Cao, P. Lv, L. J. Wen, A. Odian, F. Vachon, A. Alamre, J. B. Albert, G. Anton, I. J. Arnquist, I. Badhrees, P. S. Barbeau, D. Beck, V. Belov, T. Bhatta, F. Bourque, J. P. Brodsky, E. Brown, T. Brunner, A. Burenkov, L. Cao, W. R. Cen, C. Chambers, S. A. Charlebois, M. Chiu, B. Cleveland, M. Coon, M. Côté, A. Craycraft, W. Cree, J. Dalmasson, T. Daniels, L. Darroch, S. J. Daugherty, J. Daughhetee, S. Delaquis, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, R. DeVoe, J. Dilling, Y. Y. Ding, M. J. Dolinski, A. Dragone, J. Echevers, L. Fabris, D. Fairbank, W. Fairbank, J. Farine, S. Feyzbakhsh, P. Fierlinger, R. Fontaine, D. Fudenberg, G. Gallina, G. Giacomini, R. Gornea, G. Gratta, E. V. Hansen, D. Harris, M. Heffner, E. W. Hoppe, J. Hößl, A. House, P. Hufschmidt, M. Hughes, Y. Ito, A. Iverson, A. Jamil, C. Jessiman, M. J. Jewell, X. S. Jiang, A. Karelin, L. J. Kaufman, D. Kodroff, T. Koffas, S. Kravitz, R. Krücken, A. Kuchenkov, K. S. Kumar, Y. Lan, A. Larson, D. S. Leonard, G. Li, S. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, Y. H. Lin, R. MacLellan, T. Michel, M. Moe, B. Mong, D. C. Moore, K. Murray, R. J. Newby, Z. Ning, O. Njoya, F. Nolet, O. Nusair, K. Odgers, M. Oriunno, J. L. Orrell, G. S. Ortega, I. Ostrovskiy, C. T. Overman, S. Parent, A. Piepke, A. Pocar, J. -F. Pratte, D. Qiu, V. Radeka, E. Raguzin, T. Rao, S. Rescia, F. Retière, A. Robinson, T. Rossignol, P. C. Rowson, N. Roy, R. Saldanha, S. Sangiorgio, S. Schmidt, J. Schneider, D. Sinclair, K. Skarpaas VIII, A. K. Soma, G. St-Hilaire, V. Stekhanov, T. Stiegler, M. Tarka, J. Todd, T. I. Totev, R. Tsang, T. Tsang, B. Veenstra, V. Veeraraghavan, G. Visser, J. -L. Vuilleumier, M. Wagenpfeil, Q. Wang, J. Watkins, M. Weber, W. Wei, U. Wichoski, G. Wrede, S. X. Wu, W. H. Wu, Q. Xia, L. Yang, Y. -R. Yen, O. Zeldovich, J. Zhao, Y. Zhou, T. Ziegler
We report on the performance of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) light sensors operating in electric field strength up to 30 kV/cm and at a temperature of 149K, relative to their performance in the absence of an external electric field. The SiPM devices used in this study show stable gain, photon detection efficiency, and rates of correlated pulses, when exposed to external fields, within the estimated uncertainties. No observable physical damage to the bulk or surface of the devices was caused by the exposure.
T. Alexander, H. O. Back, H. Cao, A. G. Cocco, F. DeJongh, G. Fiorillo, C. Galbiati, C. Ghag, L. Grandi, C. Kendziora, W. H. Lippincott, B. Loer, C. Love, L. Manenti, C. J. Martoff, Y. Meng, D. Montanari, P. Mosteiro, D. Olvitt, S. Pordes, H. Qian, B. Rossi, R. Saldanha, W. Tan, J. Tatarowicz, S. Walker, H. Wang, A. W. Watson, S. Westerdale, J. Yoo
We have exposed a dual-phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr-TPC) to a low energy pulsed narrowband neutron beam, produced at the Notre Dame Institute for Structure and Nuclear Astrophysics to study the scintillation light yield of recoiling nuclei in a LAr-TPC. A liquid scintillation counter was arranged to detect and identify neutrons scattered in the LAr-TPC target and to select the energy of the recoiling nuclei. We report the observation of a significant dependence on drift field of liquid argon scintillation from nuclear recoils of 11 keV. This observation is important because, to date, estimates of the sensitivity of noble liquid TPC dark matter searches are based on the assumption that electric field has only a small effect on the light yield from nuclear recoils.
M. Anthony, E. Aprile, L. Grandi, Q. Lin, R. Saldanha
Sep 30, 2017·astro-ph.IM·PDF The accurate characterization of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) is crucial in a wide-variety of applications. However, current methods do not give fully accurate representations of the response of a PMT, especially at very low light levels. In this work, we present a new and more realistic model of the response of a PMT, called the cascade model, and use it to characterize two different PMTs at various voltages and light levels. The cascade model is shown to outperform the more common Gaussian model in almost all circumstances and to agree well with a newly introduced model independent approach. The technical and computational challenges of this model are also presented along with the employed solution of developing a robust GPU-based analysis framework for this and other non-analytical models.
G. Bellini, J. Benziger, D. Bick, G. Bonfini, D. Bravo, M. Buizza Avanzini, B. Caccianiga, L. Cadonati, F. Calaprice, P. Cavalcante, A. Chavarria, A. Chepurnov, D. D'Angelo, S. Davini, A. Derbin, A. Empl, A. Etenko, K. Fomenko, D. Franco, C. Galbiati, S. Gazzana, C. Ghiano, M. Giammarchi, M. Göger-Neff, A. Goretti, L. Grandi, C. Hagner, E. Hungerford, Aldo Ianni, Andrea Ianni, V. Kobychev, D. Korablev, G. Korga, D. Kryn, M. Laubenstein, T. Lewke, E. Litvinovich, B. Loer, P. Lombardi, F. Lombardi, L. Ludhova, G. Lukyanchenko, I. Machulin, S. Manecki, W. Maneschg, G. Manuzio, Q. Meindl, E. Meroni, L. Miramonti, M. Misiaszek, R. Möllenberg, P. Mosteiro, V. Muratova, L. Oberauer, M. Obolensky, F. Ortica, K. Otis, M. Pallavicini, L. Papp, L. Perasso, S. Perasso, A. Pocar, G. Ranucci, A. Razeto, A. Re, A. Romani, N. Rossi, R. Saldanha, C. Salvo, S. Schönert, H. Simgen, M. Skorokhvatov, O. Smirnov, A. Sotnikov, S. Sukhotin, Y. Suvorov, R. Tartaglia, G. Testera, D. Vignaud, R. B. Vogelaar, F. von Feilitzsch, J. Winter, M. Wojcik, A. Wright, M. Wurm, J. Xu, O. Zaimidoroga, S. Zavatarelli, G. Zuzel
The solar neutrino experiment Borexino, which is located in the Gran Sasso underground laboratories, is in a unique position to study muon-induced backgrounds in an organic liquid scintillator. In this study, a large sample of cosmic muons is identified and tracked by a muon veto detector external to the liquid scintillator, and by the specific light patterns observed when muons cross the scintillator volume. The yield of muon-induced neutrons is found to be Yn =(3.10+-0.11)10-4 n/(μ (g/cm2)). The distance profile between the parent muon track and the neutron capture point has the average value λ = (81.5 +- 2.7)cm. Additionally the yields of a number of cosmogenic radioisotopes are measured for 12N, 12B, 8He, 9C, 9Li, 8B, 6He, 8Li, 11Be, 10C and 11C. All results are compared with Monte Carlo simulation predictions using the Fluka and Geant4 packages. General agreement between data and simulation is observed for the cosmogenic production yields with a few exceptions, the most prominent case being 11C yield for which both codes return about 50% lower values. The predicted μ-n distance profile and the neutron multiplicity distribution are found to be overall consistent with data.
DarkSide Collaboration, P. Agnes, I. F. M. Albuquerque, T. Alexander, A. K. Alton, K. Arisaka, D. M. Asner, M. Ave, H. O. Back, B. Baldin, K. Biery, V. Bocci, G. Bonfini, W. Bonivento, M. Bossa, B. Bottino, A. Brigatti, J. Brodsky, F. Budano, S. Bussino, M. Cadeddu, M. Cadoni, F. Calaprice, N. Canci, A. Candela, H. Cao, M. Caravati, M. Cariello, M. Carlini, S. Catalanotti, V. Cataudella, P. Cavalcante, A. Chepurnov, C. Cicaló, A. G. Cocco, G. Covone, L. Crippa, D. D'Angelo, M. D'Incecco, S. Davini, A. deCandia, S. DeCecco, M. DeDeo, G. DeFilippis, G. DeRosa, M. DeVincenzi, A. Derbin, A. Devoto, F. DiEusanio, C. Dionisi, G. DiPietro, E. Edkins, A. Empl, A. Fan, G. Fiorillo, K. Fomenko, G. Forster, D. Franco, F. Gabriele, C. Galbiat, S. Giagu, C. Giganti, G. K. Giovanetti, A. M. Goretti, F. Granato, L. Grandi, M. Gromov, M. Guan, Y. Guardincerri, B. R. Hackett, K. R. Herner, D. Hughes, P. Humble, E. V. Hungerford, Aldo Ianni, Andrea Ianni, I. James, T. N. Johnson, K. Keeter, C. L. Kendziora, V. Kobychev, G. Koh, D. Korablev, G. Korga, A. Kubankin, X. Li, M. Lissia, B. Loer, P. Lombardi, G. Longo, S. Luitz, Y. Ma, A. Machado, I. N. Machulin, A. Mandarano, S. M. Mari, J. Maricic, L. Marini, C. J. Martoff, P. D. Meyers, T. Miletic, R. Milincic, D. Montanari, A. Monte, M. Montuschi, M. E. Monzani, P. Mosteiro, B. J. Mount, V. N. Muratova, P. Musico, A. NavrerAgasson, A. Nelson, S. Odrowsk, A. Oleinik, M. Orsini, F. Ortica, L. Pagani, M. Pallavicini, E. Pantic, S. Parmeggiano, K. Pelczar, N. Pelliccia, A. Pocar, S. Pordes, D. A. Pugachev, H. Qian, K. Randle, G. Ranucci, M. Razeti, A. Razeto, B. Reinhold, A. L. Renshaw, M. Rescigno, Q. Riffard, A. Romani, B. Rossi, N. Rossi, S. D. Rountree, D. Sablone, P. Saggese, R. Saldanha, W. Sands, S. Sangiorgio, C. Savarese, B. Schlitzer, E. Segreto, D. A. Semenov, E. Shields, P. N. Singh, M. D. Skorokhvatov, O. Smirno, A. Sotnikov, C. Stanford, Y. Suvorov, R. Tartaglia, J. Tatarowicz, G. Testera, A. Tonazzo, P. Trinchese, E. V. Unzhakov, M. Verducci, A. Vishneva, R. B. Vogelaar, M. Wada, S. Walker, H. Wang, Y. Wang, A. W. Watson, S. Westerdale, M. M. Wojcik, X. Xiang, X. Xiao, J. Xu, C. Yang, J. Yoo, S. Zavatarelli, A. Zec, W. Zhong, C. Zhu, G. Zuzel
G. Gallina, P. Giampa, F. Retiere, J. Kroeger, G. Zhang, M. Ward, P. Margetak, G. Lic, T. Tsang, L. Doria, S. Al Kharusi, M. Alfaris, G. Anton, I. J. Arnquist, I. Badhrees, P. S. Barbeau, D. Beck, V. Belov, T. Bhatta, J. Blatchford, J. P. Brodsky, E. Brown, T. Brunner, G. F. Cao, L. Cao, W. R. Cen, C. Chambers, S. A. Charlebois, M. Chiu, B. Cleveland, M. Coon, A. Craycraft, J. Dalmasson, T. Daniels, L. Darroch, S. J. Daugherty, A. De St. Croix, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, R. DeVoe, J. Dilling, Y. Y. Ding, M. J. Dolinski, A. Dragone, J. Echevers, M. Elbeltagi, L. Fabris, D. Fairbank, W. Fairbank, J. Farine, S. Feyzbakhsh, R. Fontaine, P. Gautam, G. Giacomini, R. Gornea, G. Gratta, E. V. Hansen, M. Heffner, E. W. Hoppe, J. Hoßl, A. House, M. Hughes, Y. Ito, A. Iverson, A. Jamil, M. J. Jewell, X. S. Jiang, A. Karelin, L. J. Kaufman, D. Kodroff, T. Koffas, R. Krucken, A. Kuchenkov, K. S. Kumar, Y. Lana, A. Larson, B. G. Lenardo, D. S. Leonarda, S. Lik, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, Y. H. Linw, P. Lv, R. MacLellan, T. McElroy, M. Medina-Peregrina, T. Michel, B. Mong, D. C. Moore, K. Murray, P. Nakarmi, R. J. Newby, Z. Ning, O. Njoya, F. Nolet, O. Nusair, K. Odgers, A. Odian, M. Oriunno, J. L. Orrell, G. S. Ortega, I. Ostrovskiy, C. T. Overman, S. Parent, A. Piepkez, A. Pocar, J. -F. Pratte, D. Qiu, V. Radeka, E. Raguzin, S. Rescia, M. Richman, A. Robinson, T. Rossignol, P. C. Rowson, N. Roy, R. Saldanha, S. Sangiorgio, K. Skarpaas VIII, A. K. Soma, G. St-Hilaire, V. Stekhanov, T. Stiegler, X. L. Sun, M. Tarka, J. Todd, T. Tolba, T. I. Totev, R. Tsang, F. Vachon, V. Veeraraghavan, G. Visser, J. -L. Vuilleumier, M. Wagenpfeil, M. Walent, Q. Wang, J. Watkins, M. Weber, W. Wei, L. J. Wen, U. Wichoski, S. X. Wu, W. H. Wu, X. Wu, Q. Xia, H. Yang, L. Yang, Y. -R. Yen, O. Zeldovich, J. Zhao, Y. Zhou, T. Ziegler
In this paper we report on the characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 (S/N: S13370-6152) Vacuum Ultra-Violet (VUV) sensitive Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs) as part of the development of a solution for the detection of liquid xenon scintillation light for the nEXO experiment. Various SiPM features, such as: dark noise, gain, correlated avalanches, direct crosstalk and Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) were measured in a dedicated setup at TRIUMF. SiPMs were characterized in the range $163 \text{ } \text{K} \leq \text{T}\leq 233 \text{ } \text{K}$. At an over voltage of $3.1\pm0.2$ V and at $\text{T}=163 \text{ }\text{K}$ we report a number of Correlated Avalanches (CAs) per pulse in the $1 \upmu\text{s}$ interval following the trigger pulse of $0.161\pm0.005$. At the same settings the Dark-Noise (DN) rate is $0.137\pm0.002 \text{ Hz/mm}^{2}$. Both the number of CAs and the DN rate are within nEXO specifications. The PDE of the Hamamatsu VUV4 was measured for two different devices at $\text{T}=233 \text{ }\text{K}$ for a mean wavelength of $189\pm7\text{ nm}$. At $3.6\pm0.2$ V and $3.5\pm0.2$ V of over voltage we report a PDE of $13.4\pm2.6\text{ }\%$ and $11\pm2\%$, corresponding to a saturation PDE of $14.8\pm2.8\text{ }\%$ and $12.2\pm2.3\%$, respectively. Both values are well below the $24\text{ }\%$ saturation PDE advertised by Hamamatsu. More generally, the second device tested at $3.5\pm0.2$ V of over voltage is below the nEXO PDE requirement. The first one instead yields a PDE that is marginally close to meeting the nEXO specifications. This suggests that with modest improvements the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs could be considered as an alternative to the FBK-LF SiPMs for the final design of the nEXO detector.
nEXO Collaboration, M. Jewell, A. Schubert, W. R. Cen, J. Dalmasson, R. DeVoe, L. Fabris, G. Gratta, A. Jamil, G. Li, A. Odian, M. Patel, A. Pocar, D. Qiu, Q. Wang, L. J. Wen, J. B. Albert, G. Anton, I. J. Arnquist, I. Badhrees, P. Barbeau, D. Beck, V. Belov, F. Bourque, J. P. Brodsky, E. Brown, T. Brunner, A. Burenkov, G. F. Cao, L. Cao, C. Chambers, S. A. Charlebois, M. Chiu, B. Cleveland, M. Coon, A. Craycraft, W. Cree, M. Côté, T. Daniels, S. J. Daugherty, J. Daughhetee, S. Delaquis, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, T. Didberidze, J. Dilling, Y. Y. Ding, M. J. Dolinski, A. Dragone, W. Fairbank, J. Farine, S. Feyzbakhsh, R. Fontaine, D. Fudenberg, G. Giacomini, R. Gornea, E. V. Hansen, D. Harris, M. Hasan, M. Heffner, E. W. Hoppe, A. House, P. Hufschmidt, M. Hughes, J. Hößl, Y. Ito, A. Iverson, X. S. Jiang, S. Johnston, A. Karelin, L. J. Kaufman, T. Koffas, S. Kravitz, R. Krücken, A. Kuchenkov, K. S. Kumar, Y. Lan, D. S. Leonard, S. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, Y. H. Lin, R. MacLellan, T. Michel, B. Mong, D. Moore, K. Murray, R. J. Newby, Z. Ning, O. Njoya, F. Nolet, K. Odgers, M. Oriunno, J. L. Orrell, I. Ostrovskiy, C. T. Overman, G. S. Ortega, S. Parent, A. Piepke, J. -F. Pratte, V. Radeka, E. Raguzin, T. Rao, S. Rescia, F. Retiere, A. Robinson, T. Rossignol, P. C. Rowson, N. Roy, R. Saldanha, S. Sangiorgio, S. Schmidt, J. Schneider, D. Sinclair, K. Skarpaas, A. K. Soma, G. St-Hilaire, V. Stekhanov, T. Stiegler, X. L. Sun, M. Tarka, J. Todd, T. Tolba, R. Tsang, T. Tsang, F. Vachon, V. Veeraraghavan, G. Visser, J. -L. Vuilleumier, M. Wagenpfeil, M. Weber, W. Wei, U. Wichoski, G. Wrede, S. X. Wu, W. H. Wu, Z. Xuan, L. Yang, D. Yayun, Y. -R. Yen, O. Zeldovich, X. Zhang, J. Zhao, N. Zhe, Y. Zhou, T. Ziegler
A new design for the anode of a time projection chamber, consisting of a charge-detecting "tile", is investigated for use in large scale liquid xenon detectors. The tile is produced by depositing 60 orthogonal metal charge-collecting strips, 3~mm wide, on a 10~\si{\cm} $\times$ 10~\si{\cm} fused-silica wafer. These charge tiles may be employed by large detectors, such as the proposed tonne-scale nEXO experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay. Modular by design, an array of tiles can cover a sizable area. The width of each strip is small compared to the size of the tile, so a Frisch grid is not required. A grid-less, tiled anode design is beneficial for an experiment such as nEXO, where a wire tensioning support structure and Frisch grid might contribute radioactive backgrounds and would have to be designed to accommodate cycling to cryogenic temperatures. The segmented anode also reduces some degeneracies in signal reconstruction that arise in large-area crossed-wire time projection chambers. A prototype tile was tested in a cell containing liquid xenon. Very good agreement is achieved between the measured ionization spectrum of a $^{207}$Bi source and simulations that include the microphysics of recombination in xenon and a detailed modeling of the electrostatic field of the detector. An energy resolution $σ/E$=5.5\% is observed at 570~\si{keV}, comparable to the best intrinsic ionization-only resolution reported in literature for liquid xenon at 936~V/\si{cm}.
M. Wagenpfeil, T. Ziegler, J. Schneider, A. Fieguth, M. Murra, D. Schulte, L. Althueser, C. Huhmann, C. Weinheimer, T. Michel, G. Anton, G. Adhikari, S. Al Kharusi, E. Angelico, I. J. Arnquist, I. Badhrees, J. Bane, D. Beck, V. Belov, T. Bhatta, A. Bolotnikov, P. A. Breur, J. P. Brodsky, E. Brown, T. Brunner, E. Caden, G. F. Cao, C. Chambers, B. Chana, S. A. Charlebois, D. Chernyak, M. Chiu, B. Cleveland, A. Craycraft, T. Daniels, L. Darroch, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A. de St Croix, K. Deslandes, R. DeVoe, M. L. Di Vacri, M. J. Dolinski, J. Echevers, M. Elbeltagi, L. Fabris, D. Fairbank, W. Fairbank, J. Farine, S. Ferrara, S. Feyzbakhsh, G. Gallina, P. Gautam, G. Giacomini, C. Gingras, D. Goeldi, A. Gorham, R. Gornea, G. Gratta, E. V. Hansen, C. A. Hardy, K. Harouaka, M. Heffner, E. W. Hoppe, A. House, M. Hughes, A. Iverson, A. Jamil, M. Jewell, A. Karelin, L. J. Kaufman, R. Krücken, A. Kuchenkov, K. S. Kumar, Y. Lan, A. Larson, K. G. Leach, D. S. Leonard, G. Li, S. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, R. Lindsay, R. MacLellan, P. Martel-Dion, N. Massacret, T. McElroy, M. Medina Peregrina, B. Mong, D. C. Moore, K. Murray, J. Nattress, C. R. Natzke, R. J. Newby, F. Nolet, O. Nusair, J. C. Nzobadila Ondze, K. Odgers, A. Odian, J. L. Orrell, G. S. Ortega, I. Ostrovskiy, C. T. Overman, S. Parent, A. Piepke, A. Pocar, J. -F. Pratte, E. Raguzin, G. J. Ramonnye, H. Rasiwala, S. Rescia, F. Retière, C. Richard, M. Richman, J. Ringuette, A. Robinson, T. Rossignol, P. C. Rowson, N. Roy, R. Saldanha, S. Sangiorgio, A. K. Soma, F. Spadoni, V. Stekhanov, T. Stiegler, M. Tarka, S. Thibado, A. Tidball, J. Todd, T. Totev, S. Triambak, R. Tsang, F. Vachon, V. Veeraraghavan, S. Viel, C. Vivo-Vilches, M. Walent, U. Wichoski, M. Worcester, S. X. Wu, Q. Xia, W. Yan, L. Yang, O. Zeldovich
Silicon photomultipliers are regarded as a very promising technology for next-generation, cutting-edge detectors for low-background experiments in particle physics. This work presents systematic reflectivity studies of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) and other samples in liquid xenon at vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) wavelengths. A dedicated setup at the University of Münster has been used that allows to acquire angle-resolved reflection measurements of various samples immersed in liquid xenon with 0.45° angular resolution. Four samples are investigated in this work: one Hamamatsu VUV4 SiPM, one FBK VUV-HD SiPM, one FBK wafer sample and one Large-Area Avalanche Photodiode (LA-APD) from EXO-200. The reflectivity is determined to be 25-36% at an angle of incidence of 20° for the four samples and increases to up to 65% at 70° for the LA-APD and the FBK samples. The Hamamatsu VUV4 SiPM shows a decline with increasing angle of incidence. The reflectivity results will be incorporated in upcoming light response simulations of the nEXO detector.
R. Saldanha, L. Pagani, E. Angelico, E. P. Bernard, B. Chana, S. Delaquis, R. DeVoe, M. Elbeltagi, S. Ferrara, D. Goeldi, R. Gornea, A. Odian, G. S. Ortega, C. T. Overman, L. Placzek, P. C. Rowson, K. Skarpaas, F. Spadoni, P. Acharya, A. Amy, A. Anker, I. J. Arnquist, A. Atencio, J. Bane, V. Belov, T. Bhatta, A. Bolotnikov, J. Breslin, P. A. Breur, E. Brown, T. Brunner, B. Burnell, E. Caden G. F. Cao, L. Q. Cao, D. Cesmecioglu, D. Chernyak, M. Chiu, R. Collister, M. Marquis, T. Daniels, L. Darroch, M. L. di Vacri, Y. Y. Ding, M. J. Dolinski, B. Eckert, A. Emara, N. Fatemighomi, W. Fairbank, B. Foust, D. Gallacher, N. Gallice, A. Gaur, W. Gillis, F. Girard, G. Gratta, C. A. Hardy, S. Hedges, E. Hein, J. D. Holt, A. Iverson, X. S. Jiang, A. Karelin, D. Keblbeck, A. Kuchenkov, K. S. Kumar, A. Larson, M. B. Latif, S. Lavoie, K. G. Leach, B. G. Lenardo, K. K. H. Leung, H. Lewis, G. Li, X. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, R. Lindsay, R. MacLellan, S. Majidi, J. Masbou, M. Medina-Peregrina, S. Mngonyama, B. Mong, D. C. Moore, K. Ni, I. Nitu, A. Nolan, S. C. Nowicki, J. C. Nzobadila Ondze, J. L. Orrell, A. Pena-Perez, H. Peltz Smalley, A. Piepke, A. Pocar, E. Raguzin, R. Rai, H. Rasiwala, D. Ray, S. Rescia, F. Retiere, G. Richardson, V. Riot, N. Rocco, R. Ross, S. Sangiorgio, S. Sekula, T. Shetty, L. Si, V. Stekhanov, X. L. Sun, S. Thibado, T. Totev, S. Triambak, R. H. M. Tsang, O. A. Tyuka, E. van Bruggen, M. Vidal, S. Viel, Q. D. Wang, M. Watts, W. Wei, M. Wehrfritz, L. J. Wen, S. Wilde, M. Worcester, X. M. Wu, H. Xu, H. B. Yang, L. Yang, M. Yu, O. Zeldovich, J. Zhao
Noble liquid time projection chambers (TPCs) are a leading technology in the detection of ionizing radiation, particularly in applications such as accelerator neutrino physics, dark matter detection, and neutrinoless double beta decay. This paper addresses the design considerations for implementing stable high voltage (HV) systems within large noble liquid TPCs, with a focus on the nEXO experiment. Utilizing insights from prior HV research and experimental investigations, we outline factors influencing HV stability and discuss design choices to improve stability and prevent electrical discharges. A novel HV delivery system concept is presented, tailored for the nEXO TPC, which incorporates these design considerations while also meeting the stringent radiopurity requirements of the nEXO neutrinoless double beta decay search. These design considerations and their specific implementation towards a HV delivery system offer guidance to future experiments applying high voltage in noble liquid environments.
nEXO Collaboration, S. Hedges, S. Al Kharusi, E. Angelico, J. P. Brodsky, G. Richardson, S. Wilde, A. Amy, A. Anker, I. J. Arnquist, P. Arsenault, A. Atencio, I. Badhrees, J. Bane, V. Belov, E. P. Bernard, T. Bhatta, A. Bolotnikov, J. Breslin, P. A. Breur, E. Brown, T. Brunner, E. Caden, G. F. Cao, L. Q. Cao, D. Cesmecioglu, E. Chambers, B. Chana, S. A. Charlebois, D. Chernyak, M. Chiu, R. Collister, M. Cvitan, J. Dalmasson, T. Daniels, L. Darroch, R. DeVoe, M. L. di Vacri, Y. Y. Ding, M. J. Dolinski, B. Eckert, M. Elbeltagi, R. Elmansali, L. Fabris, W. Fairbank, J. Farine, N. Fatemighomi, B. Foust, Y. S. Fu, D. Gallacher, N. Gallice, W. Gillis, D. Goeldi, A. Gorham, R. Gornea, G. Gratta, Y. D. Guan, C. A. Hardy, M. Heffner, E. Hein, J. D. Holt, E. W. Hoppe, A. House, W. Hunt, A. Iverson, P. Kachru, A. Karelin, D. Keblbeck, A. Kuchenkov, K. S. Kumar, A. Larson, M. B. Latif, K. G. Leach, B. G. Lenardo, D. S. Leonard, H. Lewis, G. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, R. Lindsay, R. MacLellan, S. Majidi, C. Malbrunot, P. Martel-Dion, J. Masbou, K. McMichael, M. Medina-Peregrina, B. Mong, D. C. Moore, J. Nattress, C. R. Natzke, X. E. Ngwadla, K. Ni, A. Nolan, S. C. Nowicki, J. C. Nzobadila Ondze, J. L. Orrell, G. S. Ortega, C. T. Overman, L. Pagani, H. Peltz Smalley, A. Peña-Perez, A. Perna, A. Piepke, T. Pinto Franco, A. Pocar, J. -F. Pratte, H. Rasiwala, D. Ray, K. Raymond, S. Rescia, V. Riot, R. Ross, R. Saldanha, S. Sangiorgio, S. Schwartz, S. Sekula, J. Soderstrom, A. K. Soma, F. Spadoni, X. L. Sun, S. Thibado, A. Tidball, T. Totev, S. Triambak, R. H. M. Tsang, O. A. Tyuka, E. van Bruggen, M. Vidal, S. Viel, M. Walent, Q. D. Wang, W. Wang, Y. G. Wang, M. Watts, M. Wehrfritz, W. Wei, L. J. Wen, U. Wichoski, X. M. Wu, H. Xu, H. B. Yang, L. Yang, M. Yu, M. Yvaine, O. Zeldovich, J. Zhao
Electron-neutrino charged-current interactions with xenon nuclei were modeled in the nEXO neutrinoless double-$β$ decay detector (~5 metric ton, 90% ${}^{136}$Xe, 10% ${}^{134}$Xe) to evaluate its sensitivity to supernova neutrinos. Predictions for event rates and detectable signatures were modeled using the Model of Argon Reaction Low Energy Yields (MARLEY) event generator. We find good agreement between MARLEY's predictions and existing theoretical calculations of the inclusive cross sections at supernova neutrino energies. The interactions modeled by MARLEY were simulated within the nEXO simulation framework and were run through an example reconstruction algorithm to determine the detector's efficiency for reconstructing these events. The simulated data, incorporating the detector response, were used to study the ability of nEXO to reconstruct the incident electron-neutrino spectrum and these results were extended to a larger xenon detector of the same isotope enrichment. We estimate that nEXO will be able to observe electron-neutrino interactions with xenon from supernovae as far as 5-8 kpc from Earth, while the ability to reconstruct incident electron-neutrino spectrum parameters from observed interactions in nEXO is limited to closer supernovae.
A. Jamil, T. Ziegler, P. Hufschmidt, G. Li, L. Lupin-Jimenez, T. Michel, I. Ostrovskiy, F. Retière, J. Schneider, M. Wagenpfeil, J. B. Albert, G. Anton, I. J. Arnquist, I. Badhrees, P. Barbeau, D. Beck, V. Belov, J. P. Brodsky, E. Brown, T. Brunner, A. Burenkov, G. F. Cao, L. Cao, W. R. Cen, C. Chambers, S. A. Charlebois, M. Chiu, B. Cleveland, M. Coon, A. Craycraft, W. Cree, M. Côté, J. Dalmasson, T. Daniels, S. J. Daugherty, J. Daughhetee, S. Delaquis, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, R. DeVoe, T. Didberidze, J. Dilling, Y. Y. Ding, M. J. Dolinski, A. Dragone, J. Echevers, L. Fabris, D. Fairbank, W. Fairbank, J. Farine, S. Feyzbakhsh, R. Fontaine, D. Fudenberg, G. Gallina, G. Giacomini, R. Gornea, G. Gratta, E. V. Hansen, D. Harris, M. Hasan, M. Heffner, E. W. Hoppe, A. House, M. Hughes, J. Hößl, Y. Ito, A. Iverson, M. Jewell, X. S. Jiang, A. Karelin, L. J. Kaufman, T. Koffas, S. Kravitz, R. Krücken, A. Kuchenkov, K. S. Kumar, Y. Lan, D. S. Leonard, S. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, Y. H. Lin, R. MacLellan, B. Mong, D. Moore, K. Murray, R. J. Newby, Z. Ning, O. Njoya, F. Nolet, K. Odgers, A. Odian, M. Oriunno, J. L. Orrell, C. T. Overman, G. S. Ortega, S. Parent, A. Piepke, A. Pocar, J. -F. Pratte, D. Qiu, V. Radeka, E. Raguzin, T. Rao, S. Rescia, A. Robinson, T. Rossignol, P. C. Rowson, N. Roy, R. Saldanha, S. Sangiorgio, S. Schmidt, A. Schubert, D. Sinclair, K. Skarpaas, A. K. Soma, G. St-Hilaire, V. Stekhanov, T. Stiegler, X. L. Sun, M. Tarka, J. Todd, T. Tolba, R. Tsang, T. Tsang, F. Vachon, V. Veeraraghavan, G. Visser, J. -L. Vuilleumier, Q. Wang, M. Weber, W. Wei, L. J. Wen, U. Wichoski, G. Wrede, S. X. Wu, W. H. Wu, Q. Xia, L. Yang, Y. -R. Yen, O. Zeldovich, X. Zhang, J. Zhao, Y. Zhou
Future tonne-scale liquefied noble gas detectors depend on efficient light detection in the VUV range. In the past years Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) have emerged as a valid alternative to standard photomultiplier tubes or large area avalanche photodiodes. The next generation double beta decay experiment, nEXO, with a 5 tonne liquid xenon time projection chamber, will use SiPMs for detecting the $178\,\text{nm}$ xenon scintillation light, in order to achieve an energy resolution of $σ/ Q_{ββ} = 1\, \%$. This paper presents recent measurements of the VUV-HD generation SiPMs from Fondazione Bruno Kessler in two complementary setups. It includes measurements of the photon detection efficiency with gaseous xenon scintillation light in a vacuum setup and dark measurements in a dry nitrogen gas setup. We report improved photon detection efficiency at $175\,\text{nm}$ compared to previous generation devices, that would meet the criteria of nEXO. Furthermore, we present the projected nEXO detector light collection and energy resolution that could be achieved by using these SiPMs.
A. Avasthi, T. W. Bowyer, C. Bray, T. Brunner, N. Catarineu, E. Church, R. Guenette, S. J. Haselschwardt, J. C. Hayes, M. Heffner, S. A. Hertel, P. H. Humble, A. Jamil, S. Kim, R. F. Lang, K. G. Leach, B. G. Lenardo, W. H. Lippincott, A. Marino, D. N. McKinsey, E. H. Miller, D. C. Moore, B. Mong, B. Monreal, M. E. Monzani, I. Olcina, J. L. Orrell, S. Pang, A. Pocar, P. C. Rowson, R. Saldanha, S. Sangiorgio, C. Stanford, A. Visser
Large detectors employing xenon are a leading technology in existing and planned searches for new physics, including searches for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0νββ$) and dark matter. While upcoming detectors will employ target masses of a ton or more, further extending gas or liquid phase Xe detectors to the kton scale would enable extremely sensitive next-generation searches for rare phenomena. The key challenge to extending this technology to detectors well beyond the ton scale is the acquisition of the Xe itself. We describe the motivation for extending Xe time projection chambers (TPCs) to the kton scale and possible avenues for Xe acquisition that avoid existing supply chains. If acquisition of Xe in the required quantities is successful, kton-scale detectors of this type could enable a new generation of experiments, including searches for $0νββ$ at half-life sensitivities as long as $10^{30}$ yr.
XENON Collaboration, E. Aprile, J. Aalbers, F. Agostini, M. Alfonsi, F. D. Amaro, M. Anthony, F. Arneodo, P. Barrow, L. Baudis, B. Bauermeister, M. L. Benabderrahmane, T. Berger, P. A. Breur, A. Brown, E. Brown, S. Bruenner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, L. Bütikofer, J. Calven, J. M. R. Cardoso, M. Cervantes, D. Cichon, D. Coderre, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. P. Cussonneau, M. P. Decowski, P. de Perio, P. Di Gangi, A. Di Giovanni, S. Diglio, G. Eurin, J. Fei, A. D. Ferella, A. Fieguth, D. Franco, W. Fulgione, A. Gallo Rosso, M. Galloway, F. Gao, M. Garbini, C. Geis, L. W. Goetzke, L. Grandi, Z. Greene, C. Grignon, C. Hasterok, E. Hogenbirk, R. Itay, B. Kaminsky, G. Kessler, A. Kish, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, D. Lellouch, L. Levinson, M. Le Calloch, Q. Lin, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, J. A. M. Lopes, A. Manfredini, I. Maris, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, J. Masbou, F. V. Massoli, D. Masson, D. Mayani, M. Messina, K. Micheneau, B. Miguez, A. Molinario, M. Murra, J. Naganoma, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, P. Pakarha, B. Pelssers, R. Persiani, F. Piastra, J. Pienaar, M. -C. Piro, V. Pizzella, G. Plante, N. Priel, L. Rauch, S. Reichard, C. Reuter, A. Rizzo, S. Rosendahl, N. Rupp, R. Saldanha, J. M. F. dos Santos, G. Sartorelli, M. Scheibelhut, S. Schindler, J. Schreiner, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, P. Shagin, E. Shockley, M. Silva, H. Simgen, M. v. Sivers, A. Stein, D. Thers, A. Tiseni, G. Trinchero, C. D. Tunnell, N. Upole, H. Wang, Y. Wei, C. Weinheimer, J. Wulf, J. Ye, Y. Zhang, M. Laubenstein, S. Nisi
The XENON1T dark matter experiment aims to detect Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) through low-energy interactions with xenon atoms. To detect such a rare event necessitates the use of radiopure materials to minimize the number of background events within the expected WIMP signal region. In this paper we report the results of an extensive material radioassay campaign for the XENON1T experiment. Using gamma-ray spectroscopy and mass spectrometry techniques, systematic measurements of trace radioactive impurities in over one hundred samples within a wide range of materials were performed. The measured activities allowed for stringent selection and placement of materials during the detector construction phase and provided the input for XENON1T detection sensitivity estimates through Monte Carlo simulations.
XENON Collaboration, E. Aprile, J. Aalbers, F. Agostini, M. Alfonsi, F. D. Amaro, M. Anthony, F. Arneodo, P. Barrow, L. Baudis, B. Bauermeister, M. L. Benabderrahmane, T. Berger, P. A. Breur, A. Brown, E. Brown, S. Bruenner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, L. Bütikofer, J. Calvén, J. M. R. Cardoso, M. Cervantes, D. Cichon, D. Coderre, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. P. Cussonneau, M. P. Decowski, P. de Perio, P. Di Gangi, A. Di Giovanni, S. Diglio, E. Duchovni, G. Eurin, J. Fei, A. D. Ferella, A. Fieguth, D. Franco, W. Fulgione, A. Gallo Rosso, M. Galloway, F. Gao, M. Garbini, C. Geis, L. W. Goetzke, L. Grandi, Z. Greene, C. Grignon, C. Hasterok, E. Hogenbirk, R. Itay, B. Kaminsky, G. Kessler, A. Kish, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, D. Lellouch, L. Levinson, M. Le Calloch, Q. Lin, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, J. A. M. Lopes A. Manfredini, I. Maris, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, J. Masbou, F. V. Massoli, D. Masson, D. Mayani, Y. Meng, M. Messina, K. Micheneau, B. Miguez, A. Molinario, M. Murra, J. Naganoma, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, S. E. A. Orrigo, P. Pakarha, B. Pelssers, R. Persiani, F. Piastra, J. Pienaar, M. -C. Piro, V. Pizzella, G. Plante, N. Priel, L. Rauch, S. Reichard, C. Reuter, A. Rizzo, S. Rosendahl, N. Rupp, R. Saldanha, J. M. F. dos Santos, G. Sartorelli, M. Scheibelhut, S. Schindler, J. Schreiner, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, P. Shagin, E. Shockley, M. Silva, H. Simgen, M. v. Sivers, A. Stein, D. Thers, A. Tiseni, G. Trinchero, C. Tunnell, N. Upole, H. Wang, Y. Wei, C. Weinheimer, J. Wulf, J. Ye, Y. Zhang, I. Cristescu
We describe the purification of xenon from traces of the radioactive noble gas radon using a cryogenic distillation column. The distillation column is integrated into the gas purification loop of the XENON100 detector for online radon removal. This enabled us to significantly reduce the constant $^{222}$Rn background originating from radon emanation. After inserting an auxiliary $^{222}$Rn emanation source in the gas loop, we determined a radon reduction factor of R > 27 (95% C.L.) for the distillation column by monitoring the $^{222}$Rn activity concentration inside the XENON100 detector.
P. Agnes, I. F. M. Albuquerque, T. Alexander, A. K. Alton, D. M. Asner, H. O. Back, B. Baldin, K. Biery, V. Bocci, G. Bonfini, W. Bonivento, M. Bossa, B. Bottino, A. Brigatti, J. Brodsky, F. Budano, S. Bussino, M. Cadeddu, L. Cadonati, M. Cadoni, F. Calaprice, N. Canci, A. Candela, M. Caravati, M. Cariello, M. Carlini, S. Catalanotti, P. Cavalcante, A. Chepurnov, C. Cicalo, A. G. Cocco, G. Covone, D. D'Angelo, M. D'Incecco, S. Davini, S. De Cecco, M. De Deo, M. De Vincenzi, A. Derbin, A. Devoto, F. Di Eusanio, G. Di Pietro, C. Dionisi, E. Edkins, A. Empl, A. Fan, G. Fiorillo, K. Fomenko, G. Forster, D. Franco, F. Gabriele, C. Galbiati, S. Giagu, C. Giganti, G. K. Giovanetti, A. M. Goretti, F. Granato, L. Grandi, M. Gromov, M. Guan, Y. Guardincerri, B. R. Hackett, K. Herner, D. Hughes, P. Humble, E. V. Hungerford, Al. Ianni, An. Ianni, I. James, T. N. Johnson, C. Jollet, K. Keeter, C. L. Kendziora, G. Koh, D. Korablev, G. Korga, A. Kubankin, X. Li, M. Lissia, B. Loer, P. Lombardi, G. Longo, Y. Ma, I. N. Machulin, A. Mandarano, S. M. Mari, J. Maricic, L. Marini, C. J. Martoff, A. Meregaglia, P. D. Meyers, R. Milincic, J. D. Miller, D. Montanari, A. Monte, B. J. Mount, V. N. Muratova, P. Musico, J. Napolitano, A. Navrer Agasson, S. Odrowski, M. Orsini, F. Ortica, L. Pagani, M. Pallavicini, E. Pantic, S. Parmeggiano, K. Pelczar, N. Pelliccia, A. Pocar, S. Pordes, D. A. Pugachev, H. Qian, K. Randle, G. Ranucci, M. Razeti, A. Razeto, B. Reinhold, A. L. Renshaw, M. Rescigno, Q. Riffard, A. Romani, B. Rossi, N. Rossi, D. Rountree, D. Sablone, P. Saggese, R. Saldanha, W. Sands, C. Savarese, B. Schlitzer, E. Segreto, D. A. Semenova, E. Shields, P. N. Singh, M. D. Skorokhvatov, O. Smirnov, A. Sotnikov, C. Stanford, Y. Suvorov, R. Tartaglia, J. Tatarowicz, G. Testera, A. Tonazzo, P. Trinchese, E. V. Unzhakov, M. Verducci, A. Vishneva, B. Vogelaar, M. Wada, S. Walker, H. Wang, Y. Wang, A. W. Watson, S. Westerdale, J. Wilhelmi, M. M. Wojcik, Xi. Xiang, X. Xiao, J. Xu, C. Yang, A. Zec, W. Zhong, C. Zhu, G. Zuzel
E. Aprile, J. Aalbers, F. Agostini, M. Alfonsi, F. D. Amaro, M. Anthony, F. Arneodo, P. Barrow, L. Baudis, B. Bauermeister, M. L. Benabderrahmane, T. Berger, P. A. Breur, A. Brown, A. Brown, E. Brown, S. Bruenner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, L. Bütikofer, J. Calvén, J. M. R. Cardoso, M. Cervantes, D. Cichon, D. Coderre, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. P. Cussonneau, M. P. Decowski, P. de Perio, P. Di Gangi, A. Di Giovanni, S. Diglio, G. Eurin, J. Fei, A. D. Ferella, A. Fieguth, W. Fulgione, A. Gallo Rosso, M. Galloway, F. Gao, M. Garbini, R. Gardner, C. Geis, L. W. Goetzke, L. Grandi, Z. Greene, C. Grignon, C. Hasterok, E. Hogenbirk, J. Howlett, R. Itay, B. Kaminsky, S. Kazama, G. Kessler, A. Kish, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, D. Lellouch, L. Levinson, Q. Lin, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, F. Lombardi, J. A. M. Lopes, A. Manfredini, I. Mariş, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, J. Masbou, F. V. Massoli, D. Masson, D. Mayani, M. Messina, K. Micheneau, A. Molinario, K. Morå, M. Murra, J. Naganoma, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, P. Pakarha, B. Pelssers, R. Persiani, F. Piastra, J. Pienaar, V. Pizzella, M. -C. Piro, G. Plante, N. Priel, L. Rauch, S. Reichard, C. Reuter, B. Riedel, A. Rizzo, S. Rosendahl, N. Rupp, R. Saldanha, J. M. F. dos Santos, G. Sartorelli, M. Scheibelhut, S. Schindler, J. Schreiner, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, P. Shagin, E. Shockley, M. Silva, H. Simgen, M. v. Sivers, A. Stein, S. Thapa, D. Thers, A. Tiseni, G. Trinchero, C. Tunnell, M. Vargas, N. Upole, H. Wang, Z. Wang, Y. Wei, C. Weinheimer, J. Wulf, J. Ye, Y. Zhang, T. Zhu
May 18, 2017·astro-ph.CO·PDF We report the first dark matter search results from XENON1T, a $\sim$2000-kg-target-mass dual-phase (liquid-gas) xenon time projection chamber in operation at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy and the first ton-scale detector of this kind. The blinded search used 34.2 live days of data acquired between November 2016 and January 2017. Inside the (1042$\pm$12) kg fiducial mass and in the [5, 40] $\mathrm{keV}_{\mathrm{nr}}$ energy range of interest for WIMP dark matter searches, the electronic recoil background was $(1.93 \pm 0.25) \times 10^{-4}$ events/(kg $\times$ day $\times \mathrm{keV}_{\mathrm{ee}}$), the lowest ever achieved in a dark matter detector. A profile likelihood analysis shows that the data is consistent with the background-only hypothesis. We derive the most stringent exclusion limits on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interaction cross section for WIMP masses above 10 GeV/c${}^2$, with a minimum of 7.7 $\times 10^{-47}$ cm${}^2$ for 35-GeV/c${}^2$ WIMPs at 90% confidence level.
O. Smirnov, G. Bellini, J. Benziger, D. Bick, G. Bonfini, D. Bravo, B. Caccianiga, F. Calaprice, A. Caminata, P. Cavalcante, A. Chavarria, A. Chepurnov, D. D'Angelo, S. Davini, A. Derbin, A. Empl, A. Etenko, K. Fomenko, D. Franco, G. Fiorentini, C. Galbiati, S. Gazzana, C. Ghiano, M. Giammarchi, M. Goeger-Neff, A. Goretti, C. Hagner, E. Hungerford, Aldo Ianni, Andrea Ianni, V. Kobychev, D. Korablev, G. Korga, D. Kryn, M. Laubenstein, B. Lehnert, T. Lewke, E. Litvinovich, F. Lombardi, P. Lombardi, L. Ludhova, G. Lukyanchenko, I. Machulin, S. Manecki, W. Maneschg, F. Mantovani, S. Marcocci, Q. Meindl, E. Meroni, M. Meyer, L. Miramonti, M. Misiaszek, P. Mosteiro, V. Muratova, L. Oberauer, M. Obolensky, F. Ortica, K. Otis, M. Pallavicini, L. Papp, L. Perasso, A. Pocar, G. Ranucci, A. Razeto, A. Re, B. Ricci, A. Romani, N. Rossi, R. Saldanha, C. Salvo, S. Schoenert, H. Simgen, M. Skorokhvatov, A. Sotnikov, S. Sukhotin, Y. Suvorov, R. Tartaglia, G. Testera, D. Vignaud, R. B. Vogelaar, F. von Feilitzsch, H. Wang, J. Winter, M. Wojcik, A. Wright, M. Wurm, O. Zaimidoroga, S. Zavatarelli, K. Zuber, G. Zuzel
Borexino is a unique detector able to perform measurement of solar neutrinos fluxes in the energy region around 1 MeV or below due to its low level of radioactive background. It was constructed at the LNGS underground laboratory with a goal of solar $^{7}$Be neutrino flux measurement with 5\% precision. The goal has been successfully achieved marking the end of the first stage of the experiment. A number of other important measurements of solar neutrino fluxes have been performed during the first stage. Recently the collaboration conducted successful liquid scintillator repurification campaign aiming to reduce main contaminants in the sub-MeV energy range. With the new levels of radiopurity Borexino can improve existing and challenge a number of new measurements including: improvement of the results on the Solar and terrestrial neutrino fluxes measurements; measurement of pp and CNO solar neutrino fluxes; search for non-standard interactions of neutrino; study of the neutrino oscillations on the short baseline with an artificial neutrino source (search for sterile neutrino) in context of SOX project.
D. D'Angelo, G. Bellini, J. Benziger, D. Bick, G. Bonfini, M. Buizza Avanzini, B. Caccianiga, L. Cadonati, F. Calaprice, P. Cavalcante, A. Chavarria, A. Chepurnov, S. Davini, A. Derbin, A. Empl, A. Etenko, F. von Feilitzsch, K. Fomenko, D. Franco, C. Galbiati, S. Gazzana, C. Ghiano, M. Giammarchi, M. Goeger-Neff, A. Goretti, L. Grandi, C. Hagner, E. Hungerford, Aldo Ianni, Andrea Ianni, V. Kobychev, D. Korablev, G. Korga, D. Kryn, M. Laubenstein, B. Lehnert, T. Lewke, E. Litvinovich, F. Lombardi, P. Lombardi, L. Ludhova, G. Lukyanchenko, I. Machulin, S. Manecki, W. Maneschg, G. Manuzio, Q. Meindl, E. Meroni, L. Miramonti, M. Misiaszek, P. Mosteiro, V. Muratova, L. Oberauer, M. Obolensky, F. Ortica, K. Otis, M. Pallavicini, L. Papp, L. Perasso, S. Perasso, A. Pocar, G. Ranucci, A. Razeto, A. Re, A. Romani, N. Rossi, R. Saldanha, C. Salvo, S. Schoenert, H. Simgen, M. Skorokhvatov, O. Smirnov, A. Sotnikov, S. Sukhotin, Y. Suvorov, R. Tartaglia, G. Testera, D. Vignaud, R. B. Vogelaar, J. Winter, M. Wojcik, A. Wright, M. Wurm, J. Xu, O. Zaimidoroga, S. Zavatarelli, K. Zuber, G. Zuzel
The Borexino experiment, located in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, is an organic liquid scintillator detector conceived for the real time spectroscopy of low energy solar neutrinos. The data taking campaign phase I (2007 - 2010) has allowed the first independent measurements of 7Be, 8B and pep fluxes as well as the first measurement of anti-neutrinos from the earth. After a purification of the scintillator, Borexino is now in phase II since 2011. We review here the recent results achieved during 2013, concerning the seasonal modulation in the 7Be signal, the study of cosmogenic backgrounds and the updated measurement of geo-neutrinos. We also review the upcoming measurements from phase II data (pp, pep, CNO) and the project SOX devoted to the study of sterile neutrinos via the use of a 51Cr neutrino source and a 144Ce-144Pr antineutrino source placed in close proximity of the active material.
The DarkSide Collaboration, P. Agnes, L. Agostino, I. F. M. Albuquerque, T. Alexander, A. K. Alton, K. Arisaka, H. O. Back, B. Baldin, K. Biery, G. Bonfini, M. Bossa, B. Bottino, A. Brigatti, J. Brodsky, F. Budano, S. Bussino, M. Cadeddu, L. Cadonati, M. Cadoni, F. Calaprice, N. Canci, A. Candela, H. Cao, M. Cariello, M. Carlini, S. Catalanotti, P. Cavalcante, A. Chepurnov, A. G. Cocco, G. Covone, L. Crippa, D. D'Angelo, M. D'Incecco, S. Davini, S. De Cecco, M. De Deo, M. De Vincenzi, A. Derbin, A. Devoto, F. Di Eusanio, G. Di Pietro, E. Edkins, A. Empl, A. Fan, G. Fiorillo, K. Fomenko, G. Foster, D. Franco, F. Gabriele, C. Galbiati, C. Giganti, A. M. Goretti, F. Granato, L. Grandi, M. Gromov, M. Guan, Y. Guardincerri, B. R. Hackett, K. R. Herner, E. V. Hungerford, Aldo Ianni, Andrea Ianni, I. James, T. Johnson, C. Jollet, K. Keeter, C. L. Kendziora, V. Kobychev, G. Koh, D. Korablev, G. Korga, A. Kubankin, X. Li, M. Lissia, P. Lombardi, S. Luitz, Y. Ma, I. N. Machulin, A. Mandarano, S. M. Mari, J. Maricic, L. Marini, C. J. Martoff, A. Meregaglia, P. D. Meyers, T. Miletic, R. Milincic, D. Montanari, A. Monte, M. Montuschi, M. E. Monzani, P. Mosteiro, B. J. Mount, V. N. Muratova, P. Musico, J. Napolitano, A. Nelson, S. Odrowski, M. Orsini, F. Ortica, L. Pagani, M. Pallavicini, E. Pantic, S. Parmeggiano, K. Pelczar, N. Pelliccia, S. Perasso, A. Pocar, S. Pordes, D. A. Pugachev, H. Qian, K. Randle, G. Ranucci, A. Razeto, B. Reinhold, A. L. Renshaw, A. Romani, B. Rossi, N. Rossi, S. D. Rountree, D. Sablone, P. Saggese, R. Saldanha, W. Sands, S. Sangiorgio, C. Savarese, E. Segreto, D. A. Semenov, E. Shields, P. N. Singh, M. D. Skorokhvatov, O. Smirnov, A. Sotnikov, C. Stanford, Y. Suvorov, R. Tartaglia, J. Tatarowicz, G. Testera, A. Tonazzo, P. Trinchese, E. V. Unzhakov, A. Vishneva, B. Vogelaar, M. Wada, S. Walker, H. Wang, Y. Wang, A. W. Watson, S. Westerdale, J. Wilhelmi, M. M. Wojcik, X. Xiang, J. Xu, C. Yang, J. Yoo, S. Zavatarelli, A. Zec, W. Zhong, C. Zhu, G. Zuzel
The DarkSide Collaboration, P. Agnes, L. Agostino, I. F. M. Albuquerque, T. Alexander, A. K. Alton, K. Arisaka, H. O. Back, B. Baldin, K. Biery, G. Bonfini, M. Bossa, B. Bottino, A. Brigatti, J. Brodsky, F. Budano, S. Bussino, M. Cadeddu, L. Cadonati, M. Cadoni, F. Calaprice, N. Canci, A. Candela, H. Cao, M. Cariello, M. Carlini, S. Catalanotti, P. Cavalcante, A. Chepurnov, A. G. Cocco, G. Covone, L. Crippa, D. D'Angelo, M. D'Incecco, S. Davini, S. De Cecco, M. De Deo, M. De Vincenzi, A. Derbin, A. Devoto, F. Di Eusanio, G. Di Pietro, E. Edkins, A. Empl, A. Fan, G. Fiorillo, K. Fomenko, G. Forster, D. Franco, F. Gabriele, C. Galbiati, C. Giganti, A. M. Goretti, F. Granato, L. Grandi, M. Gromov, M. Guan, Y. Guardincerri, B. R. Hackett, K. Herner, E. V. Hungerford, Al. Ianni, An. Ianni, I. James, C. Jollet, K. Keeter, C. L. Kendziora, V. Kobychev, G. Koh, D. Korablev, G. Korga, A. Kubankin, X. Li, M. Lissia, P. Lombardi, S. Luitz, Y. Ma, I. N. Machulin, A. Mandarano, S. M. Mari, J. Maricic, L. Marini, C. J. Martoff, A. Meregaglia, P. D. Meyers, T. Miletic, R. Milincic, D. Montanari, A. Monte, M. Montuschi, M. Monzani, P. Mosteiro, B. J. Mount, V. N. Muratova, P. Musico, J. Napolitano, A. Nelson, S. Odrowski, M. Orsini, F. Ortica, L. Pagani, M. Pallavicini, E. Pantic, S. Parmeggiano, K. Pelczar, N. Pelliccia, S. Perasso, A. Pocar, S. Pordes, D. A. Pugachev, H. Qian, K. Randle, G. Ranucci, A. Razeto, B. Reinhold, A. L. Renshaw, A. Romani, B. Rossi, N. Rossi, D. Rountree, D. Sablone, P. Saggese, R. Saldanha, W. Sands, S. Sangiorgio, C. Savarese, E. Segreto, D. A. Semenov, E. Shields, P. N. Singh, M. D. Skorokhvatov, M. Smallcomb, O. Smirnov, A. Sotnikov, C. Stanford, Y. Suvorov, R. Tartaglia, J. Tatarowicz, G. Testera, A. Tonazzo, P. Trinchese, E. V. Unzhakov, A. Vishneva, B. Vogelaar, M. Wada, S. Walker, H. Wang, Y. Wang, A. W. Watson, S. Westerdale, J. Wilhelmi, M. M. Wojcik, X. Xiang, J. Xu, C. Yang, J. Yoo, S. Zavatarelli, A. Zec, W. Zhong, C. Zhu, G. Zuzel