Juan Estrada, Jorge Molina, J. Blostein, G. Fernandez
Plasma effect is observed in CCDs exposed to heavy ionizing alpha-particles with energies in the range 0.5 - 5.5 MeV. The results obtained for the size of the charge clusters reconstructed on the CCD pixels agrees with previous measurements in the high energy region (>3.5 MeV). The measurements were extended to lower energies using alpha-particles produced by (n,alpha) reactions of neutrons in a Boron-10 target. The effective linear charge density for the plasma column is measured as a function of energy. The results demonstrate the potential for high position resolution in the reconstruction of alpha particles, which opens an interesting possibility for using these detectors in neutron imaging applications.
Alexis Aguilar-Arevalo, Xavier Bertou, Carla Bonifazi, Gustavo Cancelo, Brenda A. Cervantes-Vergara, Claudio Chavez, Juan C. D'Olivo, João C. dos Anjos, Juan Estrada, Aldo R. Fernandes Neto, Guillermo Fernandez-Moroni, Ana Foguel, Richard Ford, Federico Izraelevitch, Ben Kilminster, H. P. Lima, Martin Makler, Jorge Molina, Philipe Mota, Irina Nasteva, Eduardo Paolini, Carlos Romero, Youssef Sarkis, Miguel Sofo-Haro, Javier Tiffenberg, Christian Torres
The CONNIE experiment is located at a distance of 30 m from the core of a commercial nuclear reactor, and has collected a 3.7 kg-day exposure using a CCD detector array sensitive to an $\sim$1 keV threshold for the study of coherent neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering. Here we demonstrate the potential of this low-energy neutrino experiment as a probe for physics Beyond the Standard Model, by using the recently published results to constrain two simplified extensions of the Standard Model with light mediators. We compare the new limits with those obtained for the same models using neutrinos from the Spallation Neutron Source. Our new constraints represent the best limits for these simplified models among the experiments searching for CE$ν$NS for a light vector mediator with mass $M_{Z^{\prime}}<$ 10 MeV, and for a light scalar mediator with mass $M_φ<$ 30 MeV. These results constitute the first use of the CONNIE data as a probe for physics Beyond the Standard Model.
The DAMIC Collaboration, Alexis A. Aguilar-Arevalo, Xavier Bertou, Melissa J. Butner, Gustavo Cancelo, Alvaro Chavarria, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Juan Cruz Estrada Vigil, Guillermo Fernandez Moroni, Federico Izraelevitch, Ben Kilminster, Ian T. Lawson, Fernando Marsal, Jorge Molina, Paolo Privitera, Tom Schwarz, Miguel Sofo Haro, Javier Tiffenberg, Frederic Trillaud, Jing Zhou
Oct 24, 2013·astro-ph.IM·PDF DAMIC (Dark Matter in CCDs) is a novel dark matter experiment that has unique sensitivity to dark matter particles with masses below 10 GeV. Due to its low electronic readout noise (R.M.S. ~3 e-) this instrument is able to reach a detection threshold below 0.5 keV nuclear recoil energy, making the search for dark matter particles with low masses possible. We report on early results and experience gained from a detector that has been running at SNOLAB from Dec 2012. We also discuss the measured and expected backgrounds and present the plan for future detectors to be installed in 2014.
Alexis A. Aguilar-Arevalo, Nicolas Avalos, Xavier Bertou, Carla Bonifazi, Gustavo Cancelo, Brenda A. Cervantes-Vergara, Claudio Chavez, Fernando Chierchie, Gustavo Coelho Corrêa, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, João dos Anjos, Juan Estrada, Guillermo Fernandez Moroni, Aldo R. Fernandes Neto, Richard Ford, Ben Kilminster, Kevin Kuk, Andrew Lathrop, Patrick Lemos, Herman P. Lima, Martin Makler, Katherine Maslova, Franciole Marinho, Jorge Molina, Irina Nasteva, Ana Carolina Oliveira, Laura Paulucci, Dario Rodrigues, Y. Sarkis, Miguel Sofo-Haro, Diego Stalder, Javier Tiffenberg, Sho Uemura, Pedro Ventura
The Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Interaction Experiment (CONNIE) aims to detect the coherent scattering (CE$ν$NS) of reactor antineutrinos off silicon nuclei using thick fully-depleted high-resistivity silicon CCDs. Two Skipper-CCD sensors with sub-electron readout noise capability were installed at the experiment next to the Angra-2 reactor in 2021, making CONNIE the first experiment to employ Skipper-CCDs for reactor neutrino detection. We report on the performance of the Skipper-CCDs, the new data processing and data quality selection techniques and the event selection for CE$ν$NS interactions, which enable CONNIE to reach a record low detection threshold of 15 eV. The data were collected over 300 days in 2021-2022 and correspond to exposures of 14.9 g-days with the reactor-on and 3.5 g-days with the reactor-off. The difference between the reactor-on and off event rates shows no excess and yields upper limits at 95% confidence level for the neutrino interaction rates comparable with previous CONNIE limits from standard CCDs and higher exposures. Searches for new neutrino interactions beyond the Standard Model were performed, yielding an improvement on the previous CONNIE limit on a simplified model with light vector mediators. A first dark matter (DM) search by diurnal modulation was performed by CONNIE and the results represent the best limits on the DM-electron scattering cross-section, obtained by a surface-level experiment. These promising results, obtained using a very small-mass sensor, illustrate the potential of Skipper-CCDs to probe rare neutrino interactions and motivate the plans to increase the detector mass in the near future.
Brenda A. Cervantes-Vergara, Santiago Perez, Juan Estrada, Ana Botti, Claudio R. Chavez, Fernando Chierchie, Nathan Saffold, Alexis Aguilar-Arevalo, Fabricio Alcalde-Bessia, Nicolás Avalos, Oscar Baez, Daniel Baxter, Xavier Bertou, Carla Bonifazi, Gustavo Cancelo, Nuria Castelló-Mor, Alvaro E. Chavarria, Juan Manuel De Egea, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Cyrus Dreyer, Alex Drlica-Wagner, Rouven Essig, Ezequiel Estrada, Erez Etzion, Paul Grylls, Guillermo Fernandez-Moroni, Marivi Fernández-Serra, Santiago Ferreyra, Stephen Holland, Agustín Lantero Barreda, Andrew Lathrop, Ian Lawson, Ben Loer, Steffon Luoma, Edgar Marrufo Villalpando, Mauricio Martinez Montero, Kellie McGuire, Jorge Molina, Sravan Munagavalasa, Danielle Norcini, Alexander Piers, Paolo Privitera, Dario Rodrigues, Richard Saldanha, Aman Singal, Radomir Smida, Miguel Sofo-Haro, Diego Stalder, Leandro Stefanazzi, Javier Tiffenberg, Michelangelo Traina, Sho Uemura, Pedro Ventura, Rocío Vilar Cortabitarte, Rachana Yajur
Oscura is a proposed multi-kg skipper-CCD experiment designed for a dark matter (DM) direct detection search that will reach unprecedented sensitivity to sub-GeV DM-electron interactions with its 10 kg detector array. Oscura is planning to operate at SNOLAB with 2070 m overburden, and aims to reach a background goal of less than one event in each electron bin in the 2-10 electron ionization-signal region for the full 30 kg-year exposure, with a radiation background rate of 0.01 dru. In order to achieve this goal, Oscura must address each potential source of background events, including instrumental backgrounds. In this work, we discuss the main instrumental background sources and the strategy to control them, establishing a set of constraints on the sensors' performance parameters. We present results from the tests of the first fabricated Oscura prototype sensors, evaluate their performance in the context of the established constraints and estimate the Oscura instrumental background based on these results.
Alexis Aguilar-Arevalo, Fabricio Alcalde Bessia, Nicolas Avalos, Daniel Baxter, Xavier Bertou, Carla Bonifazi, Ana Botti, Mariano Cababie, Gustavo Cancelo, Brenda Aurea Cervantes-Vergara, Nuria Castello-Mor, Alvaro Chavarria, Claudio R. Chavez, Fernando Chierchie, Juan Manuel De Egea, Juan Carlos D`Olivo, Cyrus E. Dreyer, Alex Drlica-Wagner, Rouven Essig, Juan Estrada, Ezequiel Estrada, Erez Etzion, Guillermo Fernandez-Moroni, Marivi Fernandez-Serra, Steve Holland, Agustin Lantero Barreda, Andrew Lathrop, Jose Lipovetzky, Ben Loer, Edgar Marrufo Villalpando, Jorge Molina, Santiago Perez, Paolo Privitera, Dario Rodrigues, Richard Saldanha, Diego Santa Cruz, Aman Singal, Nathan Saffold, Leandro Stefanazzi, Miguel Sofo-Haro, Javier Tiffenberg, Christian Torres, Sho Uemura, Rocio Vilar
Feb 21, 2022·astro-ph.IM·PDF The Oscura experiment will lead the search for low-mass dark matter particles using a very large array of novel silicon Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) with a threshold of two electrons and with a total exposure of 30 kg-yr. The R&D effort, which began in FY20, is currently entering the design phase with the goal of being ready to start construction in late 2024. Oscura will have unprecedented sensitivity to sub-GeV dark matter particles that interact with electrons, probing dark matter-electron scattering for masses down to 500 keV and dark matter being absorbed by electrons for masses down to 1 eV. The Oscura R&D effort has made some significant progress on the main technical challenges of the experiment, of which the most significant are engaging new foundries for the fabrication of the CCD sensors, developing a cold readout solution, and understanding the experimental backgrounds.
CONNIE collaboration, Alexis Aguilar-Arevalo, Javier Bernal, Xavier Bertou, Carla Bonifazi, Gustavo Cancelo, Victor G. P. B. de Carvalho, Brenda A. Cervantes-Vergara, Claudio Chavez, Gustavo Coelho Corrêa, Juan C. D'Olivo, João C. dos Anjos, Juan Estrada, Aldo R. Fernandes Neto, Guillermo Fernandez Moroni, Ana Foguel, Richard Ford, Julián Gasanego Barbuscio, Juan Gonzalez Cuevas, Susana Hernandez, Federico Izraelevitch, Ben Kilminster, Kevin Kuk, Herman P. Lima, Martin Makler, Mauricio Martinez Montero, Larissa Helena Mendes, Jorge Molina, Philipe Mota, Irina Nasteva, Eduardo Paolini, Dario Rodrigues, Y. Sarkis, Miguel Sofo Haro, Diego Stalder, Javier Tiffenberg
The Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Interaction Experiment (CONNIE) is taking data at the Angra 2 nuclear reactor with the aim of detecting the coherent elastic scattering of reactor antineutrinos with silicon nuclei using charge-coupled devices (CCDs). In 2019 the experiment operated with a hardware binning applied to the readout stage, leading to lower levels of readout noise and improving the detection threshold down to 50 eV. The results of the analysis of 2019 data are reported here, corresponding to the detector array of 8 CCDs with a fiducial mass of 36.2 g and a total exposure of 2.2 kg-days. The difference between the reactor-on and reactor-off spectra shows no excess at low energies and yields upper limits at 95% confidence level for the neutrino interaction rates. In the lowest-energy range, 50-180 eV, the expected limit stands at 34 (39) times the standard model prediction, while the observed limit is 66 (75) times the standard model prediction with Sarkis (Chavarria) quenching factors.
Guillermo Fernandez Moroni, Juan Estrada, Gustavo Cancelo, Eduardo Paolini, Javier Tiffenberg, Jorge Molina
This article details the potential for using Charge Coupled Devices (CCD) to detect low-energy neutrinos through their coherent scattering with nuclei. The detection of neutrinos through this standard model process has not been accessible because of the small energy deposited in such interactions with the detector nuclei. Typical particle detectors have thresholds of a few keV, and most of the energy deposition expected from coherent scattering is well below this level. The devices we discuss can be operated at a threshold of approximately 30 eV, making them ideal for observing this signal. For example, the number of coherent scattering events expected on a 52 gram CCD array located next to a power nuclear reactor is estimated as approximately 626 events/year. The results of our study show that detection at a confidence level of 99% can be reached within three months for this kind of detector array.
Santiago Perez, Dario Rodrigues, Juan Estrada, Roni Harnik, Zhen Liu, Brenda A. Cervantes-Vergara, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Ryan D. Plestid, Javier Tiffenberg, Tien-Tien Yu, Alexis Aguilar-Arevalo, Fabricio Alcalde-Bessia, Nicolas Avalos, Oscar Baez, Daniel Baxter, Xavier Bertou, Carla Bonifazi, Ana Botti, Gustavo Cancelo, Nuria Castelló-Mor, Alvaro E. Chavarria, Claudio R. Chavez, Fernando Chierchie, Juan Manuel De Egea, Cyrus Dreyer, Alex Drlica-Wagner, Rouven Essig, Ezequiel Estrada, Erez Etzion, Paul Grylls, Guillermo Fernandez-Moroni, Marivi Fernández-Serra, Santiago Ferreyra, Stephen Holland, Agustín Lantero Barreda, Andrew Lathrop, Ian Lawson, Ben Loer, Steffon Luoma, Edgar Marrufo Villalpando, Mauricio Martinez Montero, Kellie McGuire, Jorge Molina, Sravan Munagavalasa, Danielle Norcini, Alexander Piers, Paolo Privitera, Nathan Saffold, Richard Saldanha, Aman Singal, Radomir Smida, Miguel Sofo-Haro, Diego Stalder, Leandro Stefanazzi, Michelangelo Traina, Yu-Dai Tsai, Sho Uemura, Pedro Ventura, Rocío Vilar Cortabitarte, Rachana Yajur
Oscura is a planned light-dark matter search experiment using Skipper-CCDs with a total active mass of 10 kg. As part of the detector development, the collaboration plans to build the Oscura Integration Test (OIT), an engineering test with 10% of the total mass. Here we discuss the early science opportunities with the OIT to search for millicharged particles (mCPs) using the NuMI beam at Fermilab. mCPs would be produced at low energies through photon-mediated processes from decays of scalar, pseudoscalar, and vector mesons, or direct Drell-Yan productions. Estimates show that the OIT would be a world-leading probe for mCPs in the MeV mass range.
Alexis Aguilar-Arevalo, Xavier Bertou, Carla Bonifazi, Gustavo Cancelo, Alejandro Castañeda, Brenda Cervantes Vergara, Claudio Chavez, Juan C. D'Olivo, João C. dos Anjos, Juan Estrada, Aldo R. Fernandes Neto, Guillermo Fernandez Moroni, Ana Foguel, Richard Ford, Juan Gonzalez Cuevas, Pamela Hernández, Susana Hernandez, Federico Izraelevitch, Alexander R. Kavner, Ben Kilminster, Kevin Kuk, H. P. Lima, Martin Makler, Jorge Molina, Philipe Mota, Irina Nasteva, Eduardo E. Paolini, Carlos Romero, Y. Sarkis, Miguel Sofo Haro, Iruatã M. S. Souza, Javier Tiffenberg, Stefan Wagner
The Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Interaction Experiment (CONNIE) uses low-noise fully depleted charge-coupled devices (CCDs) with the goal of measuring low-energy recoils from coherent elastic scattering (CE$ν$NS) of reactor antineutrinos with silicon nuclei and testing nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSI). We report here the first results of the detector array deployed in 2016, considering an active mass 47.6 g (8 CCDs), which is operating at a distance of 30 m from the core of the Angra 2 nuclear reactor, with a thermal power of 3.8 GW. A search for neutrino events is performed by comparing data collected with reactor on (2.1 kg-day) and reactor off (1.6 kg-day). The results show no excess in the reactor-on data, reaching the world record sensitivity down to recoil energies of about 1 keV (0.1 keV electron-equivalent). A 95% confidence level limit for new physics is established at an event rate of 40 times the one expected from the standard model at this energy scale. The results presented here provide a new window to low-energy neutrino physics, allowing one to explore for the first time the energies accessible through the low threshold of CCDs. They will lead to new constrains on NSI from the CE$ν$NS of antineutrinos from nuclear reactors.
Alvaro Chavarria, Javier Tiffenberg, Alexis Aguilar-Arevalo, Dan Amidei, Xavier Bertou, Gustavo Cancelo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Juan Estrada, Guillermo Fernandez Moroni, Federico Izraelevitch, Ben Kilminster, Yashmanth Langisetty, Junhui Liao, Jorge Molina, Paolo Privitera, Carolina Salazar, Youssef Sarkis, Vic Scarpine, Tom Schwarz, Miguel Sofo Haro, Frederic Trillaud, Jing Zhou
We introduce the fully-depleted charge-coupled device (CCD) as a particle detector. We demonstrate its low energy threshold operation, capable of detecting ionizing energy depositions in a single pixel down to 50 eVee. We present results of energy calibrations from 0.3 keVee to 60 keVee, showing that the CCD is a fully active detector with uniform energy response throughout the silicon target, good resolution (Fano ~0.16), and remarkable linear response to electron energy depositions. We show the capability of the CCD to localize the depth of particle interactions within the silicon target. We discuss the mode of operation and unique imaging capabilities of the CCD, and how they may be exploited to characterize and suppress backgrounds. We present the first results from the deployment of 250 um thick CCDs in SNOLAB, a prototype for the upcoming DAMIC100. DAMIC100 will have a target mass of 0.1 kg and should be able to directly test the CDMS-Si signal within a year of operation.
Alexis A. Aguilar-Arevalo, Nicolas Avalos, Pablo Bellino, Xavier Bertou, Carla Bonifazi, Ana Botti, Mariano Cababié, Gustavo Cancelo, Brenda A. Cervantes-Vergara, Claudio Chavez, Fernando Chierchie, David Delgado, Eliana Depaoli, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, João dos Anjos, Juan Estrada, Guillermo Fernandez Moroni, Aldo R. Fernandes Neto, Richard Ford, Ben Kilminster, Kevin Kuk, Andrew Lathrop, Patrick Lemos, Herman P. Lima, Martin Makler, Agustina Magnoni, Katherine Maslova, Franciole Marinho, Jorge Molina, Irina Nasteva, Ana Carolina Oliveira, Santiago Perez, Laura Paulucci, Dario Rodrigues, Youssef Sarkis, Ivan Sidelnik, Miguel Sofo Haro, Diego Stalder, Javier Tiffenberg, Pedro Ventura
Millicharged particles, proposed by various extensions of the standard model, can be created in pairs by high-energy photons within nuclear reactors and can interact electromagnetically with electrons in matter. Recently, the existence of a plasmon peak in the interaction cross-section with silicon in the eV range was highlighted as a promising approach to enhance low-energy sensitivities. The CONNIE and Atucha-II reactor neutrino experiments utilize Skipper-CCD sensors, which enable the detection of interactions in the eV range. We present world-leading limits on the charge of millicharged particles within a mass range spanning six orders of magnitude, derived through a comprehensive analysis and the combination of data from both experiments.