Generalized Ideal Gas Equations for Structureful Universe

E-mail: mkk@qau.edu.pkReceived: 19 May 2006/ Accepted: 4 September 2006 / Published: 4 September 2006Abstract: We have derived generalized ideal gas equations for a structureful universe consistingof all forms of matters. We have assumed a universe that contains superclusters. Superclusters arethen made of clusters. Each cluster can be further divided into smaller ones and so on. We havederived an expression for the entropy of such a universe. Our model is rather independent of thegeometry of the intermediate clusters. Our calculations are valid for a non-interacting universewithin non-relativistic limits. We suggest that structure formation can reduce the expansion rateof the universe.Keywords: set theory; cluster; temperature; pressure; entropy; thermal energy; cosmology.