On electromagnetic models of ball lightning with topological structure

It has been long admitted that a consequence of the virial theorem is that there can be no equilibrium configurations of a system of charges in electromagnetic interaction in the absence of external forces. However, recent results have shown that the virial theorem can not preclude the existence of certain nontrivial equilibrium configurations. Although some of these new results are based on an effective microscopic field theory, they are important for a theory of ball lightning that has been developed by the authors of the present work. Other theoretical results relative to magnetic force-free fields with field aligned currents and self-organized filamentary structures are also found to be relevant for this model.