Nuclear surface studies with antiprotonic atom X-rays

The recent and older level shifts and widths in $\overline{p}$ atoms are analyzed. The results are fitted by an antiproton-nucleus optical potential with two basic complex strength parameters. These parameters are related to average $S$ and $P$ wave-scattering parameters in the subthreshold energy region. A fair consistency of the x-ray data for all $Z$ values, stopping $\overline{p}$ data, and the $\overline{N}N$-scattering data has been achieved. The determination of neutron density profiles at the nuclear surface is undertaken, and the determination of the neutron ${R}_{\mathrm{rms}}$ radii is attempted. Uncertainties due to the input data and the procedure are discussed.