Color superconductivity and its electromagnetic manifestation

A collection of the physical observables, related to the electromagnetic properties of a nucleon, to investigate the non--perturbative quantum fluctuations in the strong interaction vacuum state under the influence of at least one close by (in energy density) color superconducting phase found in several QCD motivated model calculations, are studied. It is shown that the spontaneous breaking of the electromagnetic gauge symmetry in the color superconducting phase of strong interaction can result in relatively clean signals in high energy processes, especially in the semi-leptonic deep inelastic scattering ones, due to a kind of electromagnetic induced strong interaction. A new type of mechanism, which is a generalization of the Higgs one, through which the local electromagnetic gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken by a spontaneous breaking of the global baryon (nucleon) number conservation, is revealed. A model independent assessment of the question of how far is the color superconducting phase of the strong interaction from its vacuum phase is made by studying currently available experimental data on the electromagnetic responses of a nucleon at high energies. It is shown that based on our current knowledge about a nucleon, it is quite likely that there is at least one color superconducting phase for the strong interaction that is close enough to the vacuum state so that its effects can even be seen in high energy processes besides heavy ion collisions.