How to Compute Green's Functions for Entire Mass Trajectories Within Krylov Solvers

The availability of efficient Krylov subspace solvers plays a vital role in the solution of a variety of numerical problems in computational science. Here we consider lattice field theory. We present a new general numerical method to compute many Green's functions for complex non-singular matrices within one iteration process. Our procedure applies to matrices of structure A = D − m, with m proportional to the unit matrix, and can be integrated within any Krylov subspace solver. We can compute the derivatives x(n) of the solution vector x with respect to the parameter m and construct the Taylor expansion of x around m. We demonstrate the advantages of our method using a minimal residual solver. Here the procedure requires one intermediate vector for each Green's function to compute. As real-life example, we determine a mass trajectory of the Wilson fermion matrix for lattice QCD. Here we find that we can obtain Green's functions at all masses ≥ m at the price of one inversion at mass m.