Formation gf Bosonic Compact Objects

We showed that compact bosonic objects can be formed through a process we called gravitational cooling. A central issue in the subject of boson star is whether a classical field configuration, {\it e.g.,} one described by the Klein-Gordon equation, can collapse to form a compact star-like object, as there is apparently no dissipation in the Klein-Gordon equation. We demonstrated that there IS an efficient cooling mechanism to get rid of the kinetic energy for the formation of a compact object purely through the gravitational coupling, a mechanism universal to all self-graviting fields. Implications of this mechanism are discussed, including the abundance of bosonic stars in the universe, and the possibility of ruling out the axion as a dark matter condidate.