Spin Dodecamer Formation in the Double-Exchange Spin Ice Model

We investigated the double-exchange spin ice (DESI) model on a kagome lattice by Monte Carlo simulation to study the effects of a geometrical frustration, and the mechanism that generates an ordered state in a metallic system. The DESI model on the kagome lattice is a frustrated metallic system due to an effective ferromagnetic interaction between localized spins caused by the double-exchange (DE) mechanism and a uniaxial anisotropy for the localized spins. A dodecagonal spin cluster (named dodecamer), which consists of twelve localized spins, appears at low temperature when the number of particles per site n ≃1/3 – 1/2. Such a dodecamer order is driven by both the kinetic energy gain due to the DE mechanism and the geometrical frustration. We discuss that cluster orders, in general, may be a common feature in itinerant electron systems coupled with frustrated adiabatic fields.