Gases, liquids and crystals in granular segregation

We report the results of an experimental investigation of segregation in a binary mixture of dry particles subjected to horizontal oscillatory excitation. The thin layer of particles was driven by the stick-slip frictional interaction with the surface of a horizontal tray. As the packing fraction of the mixture was increased, the evolution of distinct phases was observed. We identified them as a binary gas, segregation liquid and segregation crystal and provide both microscopic and macroscopic measures to identify their properties. Finally, we draw some analogies between segregation in our granular system and self-assembly in binary colloidal mixtures.