Multiple‐Object and Integral Field Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy Using Fibers

We describe a new system for multiple‐object spectroscopy and integral field spectroscopy at near‐infrared wavelengths using optical fibers. Both modes of the SMIRFS instrument have been tested at the UK Infrared Telescope with the CGS4 infrared spectrograph. The modular system includes a common optical system to image the fiber slit onto the cold slit inside the CGS4 cryostat. The multiobject mode consists of 14 interchangeable fused silica or zirconium fluoride fibers each with a field of 4 ″. The integral field mode consists of 72 fused silica fibers coupled with a lenslet array to give a contiguous field of 6′′ × 4′′ with 0.″6 sampling. We describe the performance of both modes. For the multiobject mode, the feasibility and desirability of using fluoride fibers to extend the wavelength range into the K band is discussed. For the integral field mode, the performance is compared with theoretical expectation with particular attention to the effect of focal ratio degradation in the fibers. These results demonstrate the feasibility of multiobject and integral field spectroscopy in the near‐infrared using lenslet‐coupled fiber systems. Although SMIRFS in an experimental system working with a spectrograph not designed for this purpose, the throughput and uniformity of response are good. SMIRFS points the way forward to systems with much larger numbers of elements.