Annual modulation sensitivity in cold dark matter searches

Abstract The sensitivity of experiments looking for annual modulated signals is discussed and analyzed. The choice of energy intervals for rate integration and enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of the predicted WIMP signal is addressed. Special emphasis is placed on quantifying the minimum required exposure, MT, under experimental conditions. The difficulty reduces to establishing the proper separation between the rate due to the unmodulated part of the WIMP signal and the rate of spurious background present in any experiment. The problem is solved by placing an upper bound to the unmodulated part of the signal using the best exclusion plot. We find that the lowest backgrounds achieved result in exposures in the range MT ∼ 5–100 kg yr for masses mx > 100 GeV depending on the energy threshold of the detector. While our results are valid for Ge and NaI detectors, the formulae derived apply to other elements as well. Prescriptions are given to estimate exposures for higher background experiments.