UV emission from elliptical galaxies near and far

The far-ultraviolet is the most rapidly evolving portion of the spectrum in both very young galaxies and very old galaxies. The “UV upturn” in the spectra of elliptical galaxies shortward of 2000 A offers a promising probe of the ages and chemical evolution of very old galaxies. In early-type non-active galaxies with the bluest 1550—V colors, the bulk of the emission arises from Extreme Horizontal Branch (EHB) stars, along their evolution from the zero-age HB to the white-dwarf cooling curve. The strength of the UV-upturn is governed by the fraction of stars that evolve through the EHB phase, which is in turn governed by age, metallicity, helium abundance, and other parameters such as stellar rotation and binarity that might influence the amount of mass loss on the RGB. Spectral constraints on the nature of the hot stellar population from Astro-2 are reviewed, and new imaging results from the HST Faint Object Camera are presented. Attempts to measure evolution through observations of high-redshift ellipti...