2-D spectroscopy and modeling of the biconical ionized gas in NGC 4388

We present recent results from spectroscopic data and modeling of the biconical ionized gas in the Seyfert-2 galaxy NGC 4388. A field of ${\sim} 2.6\times2.4$ kpc centered on the nucleus has been observed by means of the modern technique of integral field spectroscopy. The analysis of more than two hundred spectra allowed to study the physical characteristics of the gas in the surroundings of the active nucleus. The South-West ionization cone, revealed by the [$\ion{O}{III}$] λ 5007/H β excitation map, shows high emission line ratios not completely supported by simple photoionization. Composite models which account for the combined effects of photoionization and shock show that such high [$\ion{O}{III}$]/H β line ratios are emitted by low density ($n_{0}=30$ ${cm^{-3}}$) gas inside large ($D>1$ pc) shocked clouds (${V_{\rm s}}=100$ $\mathrm{km\, s^{-1}}$) reached by a relatively low flux from the active nucleus. The data of the VEELR in the North-East cone by Yoshida et al. (2002) have been modeled. The results confirm that photoionization is the prevailing mechanism, but nontheless weak shocks are under way between colliding clouds with small (<1 pc) sizes and low densities $n_{0}\le100$ ${cm^{-3}}$, moving outward at relatively low velocities (${V_{\rm s}}=100$ $\mathrm{km\, s^{-1}}$).