Homotopic morphisms and diagram theorems in extriangulated categories

Homotopic morphisms of $\mathbb E$-triangles in extriangulated categories are introduced. Any morphism of $\mathbb E$-triangles is a composition of homotopic morphisms. Any morphism $(α_1, α_2, α_3)$ of $\mathbb E$-triangles can be modified to be homotopic, by changing one of $α_i$; moreover, all the 15 cases where $α_i$ is an $\mathbb E$-inflation ($\mathbb E$-deflation) are analyzed. Some diagram theorems, especially $4\times 4$ Lemma and its $14$ variants, including $3\times 3$ diagram and Horseshoe Lemma, are investigated. A relation between homotopic morphisms and (middling) good morphisms in triangulated categories are given. Weakly idempotent complete extriangulated categories are characterized.