A fast X-ray transient with chromatic flares: signatures of violent collisions induced by late-time central engine reactivation
/ Authors
Shaoxuan Fu, Cui-Yuan Dai, Aiying Wang, Dong Xu, Tao An, Jin-Jun Geng, Wei-Hua Lei, Xiang-Yu Wang, Shuaihao Jiang, Zi Zhu
and 50 more authors
Xingxing Liu, J. An, Lin He, Jun-jie Jin, Yu Zhang, Jinlei Zhang, Zhou Fan, Xing Gao, A. Iskandar, Shahidin Yaqup, Tuhong Zhong, A. Esamdin, Chunsheng Bai, He Gao, Xue-Feng Wu, D. Malesani, L. Izzo, R. Eyles-Ferris, A. Saccardi, B. Schneider, J. Palmerio, N. Tanvir, A. Pozanenko, N. Pankov, A. Moskvitin, O. Spiridonova, O. Maslennikova, A. Volnova, E. Klunko, V. Rumyantsev, A. Volvach, L. Volvach, T. Komesh, E. Abdikamalov, D. Berdikhan, Z. Maksut, Y. Zou, Hongzhou Wu, Yunliang Yu, Rongzhen Shen, Yihan Wang, Hui Sun, Binbin Zhang, Liang Liu, Ye Li, V. D’Elia, R. Salvaterra, Massi-miliano De Pasquale, Bing Zhang, Wei Yuan
/ Abstract
Extragalactic Fast X-ray Transients (EFXTs) represent an emerging class of high-energy phenomena characterized by X-ray outbursts lasting from tens to hundreds of seconds. However, for more than half of the EFXTs, their physical origins remain elusive. In this Letter, we report the discovery of EP250302a, a luminous EFXT detected by the Einstein Probe (EP) at a redshift of $z = 1.131$. The multi-wavelength light curves of EP250302a reveal remarkable temporal features that distinguish it from the previously known EP-detected EFXT population, most notably a needle-like X-ray flare accompanied by smooth optical rebrightening during the afterglow phase. We suggest that the distinct X-ray and optical behaviors constitute the first observed instance of late-time violent collision of two relativistic shells in an EFXT. Drawing on insights from GRB studies, such a collision process strongly indicates the reactivation of a central engine, making EP250302a-like transients a unique laboratory for probing the late-time activity and jet physics of EFXT central engines.