The Darkside-20k Data Acquisition System

/ Authors

F. Acerbi, P. Adhikari, Paolo Agnes, Iftikhar Ahmad, S. Albergo, I. Albuquerque, Thomas Alexander, A. Alton, P. Amaudruz, G. A. Anastasi

and 282 more authors

M. Angiolilli, E. Aprile, D. Auty, M. A. Pernas, Oscar Azzolini, H. Back, Z. Balmforth, A. B. Olmedo, P. Barrillon, G. Batignani, Swadheen Bharat, Pritindra Bhowmick, S. Blua, V. Bocci, W. Bonivento, B. Bottino, M. G. Boulay, Titanilla Braun, A. Buchowicz, S. Bussino, J. Busto, M. Cadeddu, M. Cadoni, R. Calabrese, V. Camillo, Alessio Caminata, N. Canci, A. Capra, M. Caravati, M. Cárdenas-Montes, N. Cargioli, M. Carlini, P. Castello, P. Cavalcante, S. Cebrián, A. Chepurnov, Sarthak Choudhary, L. Cifarelli, Y. Coadou, I. Coarasa, V. Cocco, E. C. Vilda, L. Consiglio, Harrison Coombes, A. Cortez, B. S. Costa, Milena Czubak, S. D'Auria, M. Rolo, A. Dainty, G. Darbo, S. Davini, R. Asmundis, S. Cecco, M. Napoli, G. Dellacasa, A. Derbin, L. Noto, P. D. Stefano, D. D. Mairena, C. Dionisi, G. Dolganov, F. Dordei, A. Elersich, E. Ellingwood, T. Erjavec, N. Fearon, Marta Fernández Díaz, Luca Ferro, A. Ficorella, G. Fiorillo, D. Fleming, P. Franchini, Davide Franco, H. F. Gatti, F. Gabriele, D. Gahan, C. Galbiati, G. Galinski, G. Gallina, M. Garbini, P. G. Abia, A. Gawdzik, G. Giovanetti, Alberto Gola, L. Grandi, G. Grauso, G. G. Cortona, A. Grobov, M. Gromov, Julian Guerrero Canovas, M. Gulino, Samuel Belayneh Habtemariam, B. Hackett, A. Hallin, M. Harańczyk, T. Hessel, C. Hidalgo, J. Hollingham, S. Horikawa, Jie Hu, F. Hubaut, D. Huff, T. Hugues, A. Ianni, V. Ippolito, A. Jamil, C. Jillings, R. Keloth, N. Kemmerich, A. Kemp, Kaori Kondo, G. Korga, L. Kotsiopoulou, S. Koulosousas, P. Kunze, M. Kuss, M. Kuźniak, M. Kuźwa, M. Commara, Michela Lai, E. L. Guirriec, E. Leason, A. Leoni, L. Lidey, J. D. Lipp, M. Lissia, Ludovico Luzzi, O. Lychagina, O. Macfadyen, J. Machts, I. Machulin, S. Manecki, I. Manthos, A. Marasciulli, S. Mari, Camillo Mariani, J. Maricic, María Martínez, G. Matteucci, K. Mavrokoridis, A. McDonald, Luo Meng, S. Merzi, A. Messina, R. Milincic, G. Miller, S. Minutoli, Ankush Mitra, J. Monroe, M. Morrocchi, A. Morsy, V. Muratova, M. Murra, C. Muscas, P. Musico, R. Nania, M. Nessi, G. Nieradka, K. Nikolopoulos, E. Nikoloudaki, J. Nowak, K. Olchanski, A. Oleinik, P. Organtini, A. Solórzano, Ananth Padmanabhan, M. Pallavicini, L. Pandola, E. Pantic, E. Paoloni, Danial Papi, B. Park, G. Pastuszak, G. Paternoster, R. Pavarani, A. Peck, P. Pegoraro, K. Pelczar, R. Pérez, V. Pesudo, S. Piacentini, N. Pino, G. Plante, A. Pocar, S. Pordes, P. Pralavorio, E. Preosti, D. Price, G. Prior, M. Pronesti, S. Puglia, M. Bazetto, F. Raffaelli, F. Ragusa, Y. Ramachers, Alejandro Ramirez, S. Ravinthiran, M. Razeti, Andrew Renshaw, A. Repond, M. Rescigno, S. Resconi, F. Retière, A. Ritchie-Yates, A. Rivetti, A. Roberts, C. Roberts, D. Rodas, G. Rogers, L. Romero, Matteo Rossi, D. Rudik, J. Runge, M. A. Sabia, C. Salerno, Paolo Salomone, S. Sanfilippo, D. Santone, R. Santorelli, E. Santos, I. Sargeant, M. Sarsa, C. Savarese, E. Scapparone, F. Schuckman, D. Semenov, C. Seoane, Michela Sestu, V. Shalamova, S. Poudel, M. Simeone, P. Skensved, M. Skorokhvatov, T. Smirnova, Benjamin Smith, Robert Smith, F. Spadoni, M. Spangenberg, A. Steri, V. Stornelli, Simone Stracka, A. Sung, C. Sunny, Y. Suvorov, A. Szelc, O. Taborda, B. Tam, R. Tartaglia, A. Taylor, Jon Taylor, G. Testera, K. Thieme, A. Thompson, S. Torres-Lara, Alessia Tricomi, S. Tullio, E. Unzhakov, M. V. Uffelen, P. Ventura, Guillermo Díaz, S. Viel, A. Vishneva, B. Vogelaar, J. Vossebeld, B. Vyas, M. Wada, M. Walczak, Yi Wang, S. Westerdale, Laurie A. Williams, M. Wójcik, M. Wójcik, Changgen Yang, Jilong Yin, A. Zabihi, P. Zakhary, A. Zani, Hao Zhan, Yongpeng Zhang, A. Zichichi, G. Zuzel

/ Abstract

DarkSide-20k is a WIMP search experiment using liquid argon as a target, designed to perform a background-free search for dark matter with unprecedented sensitivity, and is currently under construction at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. The detector comprises a dual-phase Time Projection Chamber complemented with external veto systems and is equipped with a total of 2720 SiPM-based readout channels. This work presents the DAQ system designed for DarkSide-20k. The system is capable of continuous, triggerless digitisation of the waveforms with high single-photoelectron detection efficiency and online processing, ensuring data reduction for long-term storage. The DarkSide-20k DAQ system employs commercial CAEN VX2745 digitisers with custom FPGA firmware implementation. Timing and synchronisation across all 48 digitisers are provided by custom Global and Crate Data Manager boards distributing a phase-aligned clock derived from a disciplined rubidium standard. Waveform segments are processed in real time by Front End Processor machines. Data are organised into collections containing whole detector information and distributed across a farm of Time Slice Processors for event reconstruction, classification, and further reduction before storage and offline analysis. A full"Quadrant"of the system, corresponding to one quarter of the final DAQ, has been assembled and validated at TRIUMF laboratory in Canada. The Quadrant has been stress-tested with simultaneous pulses and demonstrated sustained digitizer readout exceeding expected physics rates and stable long-term performance.