Euclid. Properties and performance of the NISP signal estimator

/ Authors

Euclid Collaboration F. Cogato, B. Kubik, R. Barbier, S. Conseil, E. Medinaceli, Y. Copin, E. Franceschi, L. Valenziano, N. Aghanim, B. Altieri

and 490 more authors

S. Andreon, N. Auricchio, C. Baccigalupi, M. Baldi, A. Balestra, S. Bardelli, P. Battaglia, A. Biviano, E. Branchini, M. Brescia, J. Brinchmann, S. Camera, G. Cañas-Herrera, V. Capobianco, C. Carbone, J. Carretero, S. Casas, M. Castellano, G. Castignani, S. Cavuoti, A. Cimatti, C. Colodro-Conde, G. Congedo, C. Conselice, L. Conversi, L. Corcione, A. Costille, F. Courbin, H. Courtois, R. D. Silva, H. Degaudenzi, G. D. Lucia, H. Dole, F. Dubath, X. Dupac, S. Dusini, A. Ealet, S. Escoffier, M. Farina, R. Farinelli, F. Faustini, S. Ferriol, F. Finelli, N. Fourmanoit, M. Frailis, M. Fumana, S. Galeotta, K. George, W. Gillard, B. Gillis, C. Giocoli, J. Graciá-Carpio, A. Grazian, F. Grupp, S. Haugan, W. Holmes, F. Hormuth, A. Hornstrup, P. Hudelot, K. Jahnke, M. Jhabvala, E. Keihanen, S. Kermiche, A. Kiessling, R. Kohley, M. Kummel, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, A. Brun, S. Ligori, P. Lilje, V. Lindholm, I. Lloro, G. Mainetti, D. Maino, E. Maiorano, O. Mansutti, S. Marcin, O. Marggraf, M. Martinelli, N. Martinet, F. Marulli, R. Massey, S. Mei, Y. Mellier, M. Meneghetti, E. Merlin, G. Meylan, A. Mora, M. Moresco, L. Moscardini, C. Neissner, S. Niemi, C. Padilla, S. Paltani, F. Pasian, K. Pedersen, W. Percival, V. Pettorino, S. Pires, G. Polenta, M. Poncet, L. Popa, F. Raison, A. Renzi, J. Rhodes, G. Riccio, E. Romelli, M. Roncarelli, C. Rosset, E. Rossetti, R. Saglia, Z. Sakr, A. S'anchez, D. Sapone, B. Sartoris, M. Schirmer, P. Schneider, M. Scodeggio, A. Secroun, G. Seidel, S. Serrano, P. Simon, C. Sirignano, G. Sirri, L. Stanco, J. Steinwagner, P. Tallada-Cresp'i, D. Tavagnacco, A. Taylor, I. Tereno, S. Toft, R. Toledo-Moreo, F. Torradeflot, I. Tutusaus, J. Valiviita, T. Vassallo, A. Veropalumbo, Y. Wang, J. Weller, A. Zacchei, F. Zerbi, E. Zucca, M. Ballardini, M. Bolzonella, E. Bozzo, C. Burigana, R. Cabanac, M. Calabrese, A. Cappi, T. Castro, J. Vigo, G. Fabbian, L. Gabarra, J. Garc'ia-Bellido, V. Gautard, S. Hemmati, J. Macías-Pérez, R. Maoli, J. Mart'in-Fleitas, N. Mauri, R. B. Metcalf, P. Monaco, A. Pezzotta, M. Pontinen, I. Risso, V. Scottez, M. Sereno, M. Tenti, M. Tucci, M. Viel, M. Wiesmann, Y. Akrami, G. Alguero, I. Andika, G. Angora, S. Anselmi, M. Archidiacono, F. Atrio-Barandela, L. Bazzanini, D. Bertacca, M. Bethermin, F. Beutler, A. Blanchard, L. Blot, M. Bonici, S. Borgani, M. L. Brown, S. Bruton, A. Calabrò, B. Quevedo, F. Caro, C. Carvalho, Y. Charles, A. Cooray, O. Cucciati, S. Davini, F. Paolis, G. Desprez, A. D'iaz-S'anchez, S. Domizio, J. M. Diego, V. Duret, M. Y. Elkhashab, A. Enia, Y. Fang, A. Ferrari, A. Finoguenov, A. Fontana, A. Franco, K. Ganga, T. Gasparetto, E. Gaztañaga, F. Giacomini, F. Gianotti, G. Gozaliasl, A. Gruppuso, M. Guidi, C. M. Gutiérrez, A. Hall, H. Hildebrandt, J. Hjorth, J. Kajava, Y. Kang, Vanshika Kansal, D. Karagiannis, K. Kiiveri, J. Kim, C. Kirkpatrick, S. Kruk, M. Lattanzi, L. Legrand, F. Lepori, G. Leroy, G. Lesci, J. Lesgourgues, T. Liaudat, M. Magliocchetti, A. Manj'on-Garc'ia, F. Mannucci, C. Martins, L. Maurin, M. Miluzio, A. Montoro, C. Moretti, G. Morgante, S. Nadathur, K. Naidoo, P. Natoli, A. Navarro-Alsina, S. Nesseris, L. Pagano, E. Palazzi, D. Paoletti, F. Passalacqua, K. Paterson, L. Patrizii, A. Pisani, D. Potter, G. Pratt, S. Quai, M. Radovich, W. Roster, S. Sacquegna, M. Sahl'en, D. Sanders, E. Sarpa, A. Schneider, D. Sciotti, E. Sellentin, L. Smith, K. Tanidis, F. Tarsitano, G. Testera, R. Teyssier, S. Tosi, A. Troja, A. Venhola, D. Vergani, G. Verza, P. Vielzeuf, S. Vinciguerra, N. A. Walton, A. Bologna, V. G. 932, 40129 Bologna, Italy, I. Bologna, V. G. 933, 1. Universit'eClaudeBernardLyon, CNRSIN2p3, I. Lyon, Umr 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, INFN-Bologna, 46 ViaIrnerio, 40129 Bologna, Universit'e Paris-Saclay, Cnrs, I. D. Spatiale, 91405, Orsay, Esacesa, Camino Bajo de Castillo, Sn, Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Canada, Madrid, Spain., Inaf Brera, 28 ViaBrera, 20133 Milano, Ifpu, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, 2. viaBeirut, 34127 Trieste, Inaf Trieste, 11 ViaG.B.Tiepolo, 34127 Trieste, Infn, Sezione di Trieste, 2. ViaValerio, TS 34127Trieste, Sissa, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, TS 34136Trieste, D. Astronomia, U. Bologna, V. G. 932, I. Bologna, 62 vialeBertiPichat, 40129 Bologna, Inaf - Padova, 5. Viadell'Osservatorio, 35131 Padova, D. Fisica, U. Genova, 33 viaDodecaneso, 16146, Genova, I. Genova, Department of PhysicsE. Pancini, U. Federico, 6. ViaCinthia, 80126, Napoli, I. -. Capodimonte, 16 viaMoiariello, 80131 Napoli, I. D. A. E. C. D. Espacco, U. Porto, Caup, Rua das Estrelas, P. Porto, Portugal, F. Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, E. Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str.2, 85748 Garching, Germany, U. Torino, 1. ViaP.Giuria, 10125 Torino, I. Torino, I. Torino, 20 viaOsservatorio, 1. P. Torinese, Institute for Astronomy, U. Edinburgh, R. Observatory, B. Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Uk, L. Observatory, Leiden University, 55 Einsteinweg, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands, Inaf-Iasf Milano, 12 ViaAlfonsoCorti, 20133 Milano, Centro de Investigaciones Energ'eticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol'ogicas, 40 AvenidaComplutense, 28014 Madrid, Port d'Informaci'o Cient'ifica, Campus Uab, C. Sn, 08193 Bellaterra, I. F. Physics, Cosmology, Rwth Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, V. DeutschesZentrumfurLuft-undRaumfahrte., Linder Hohe, 50937 Koln, Inafiasf Roma, 33 viaFrascati, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, I. Naples, D. Bologna, Instituto de Astrof'isica de Canarias, E. Laguna, Tenerife, J. B. C. F. Astrophysics, D. Physics, Astronomy, U. Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, European Space AgencyESRIN, 1. LargoGalileoGalilei, 00044 Frascati, Roma, A. Universit'e, Cnes, Lam, Marseille, Institut de Ci'encies del Cosmos, U. Barcelona, 1. Mart'iiFranques, 08193 Barcelona, I. C. D. R. I. E. Avanccats, 23 PasseigdeLlu'isCompanys, 08193 Barcelona, Institut de Ci'encies de l'Espai, Carrer de Can Magrans, sn Cerdanyola del Vall'es, 08193 Barcelona, 1. UCBLyon, Iuf, 4. R. E. Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, S. Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, D. O. Astronomy, U. Geneva, 16 ch.d'Ecogia, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland., INFN-Padova, 8. viaMarzolo, 35131 Padova, Cppm, I. D. A. E. P. Spaziali, V. Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Roma, University Observatory, L. F. O. Physics, Scheinerstr.1, 81679 Munich, M. F. P. Physics, 1. Giessenbachstr., Universitatssternwarte Munchen, F. Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, 8. Munchen, I. Astrophysics, U. Oslo, P. O. B. 1. Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway., Jet propulsion Laboratory, C. I. O. Technology., 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, Ca, 91109, Usa, Felix Hormuth Engineering, 17 Goethestr., 69181 Leimen, T. Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark., Cosmic Dawn Center, I. D. Paris, Umr 7095, Sorbonne Universit'e, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 7. Paris

/ Abstract

The Euclid spacecraft, located at the second Lagrangian point of the Sun-Earth system, hosts the Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) instrument. NISP is equipped with a mosaic of 16 HgCdTe-based detectors to acquire near-infrared photometric and spectroscopic data. To meet the spacecraft's constraints on computational resources and telemetry bandwidth, the near-infrared signal is processed onboard via a dedicated hardware-software architecture designed to fulfil the stringent Euclid's data-quality requirements. A custom application software, running on the two NISP data processing units, implements the NISP signal estimator: an ad-hoc algorithm which delivers accurate flux measurements and simultaneously estimates the quality of signal estimation through the quality factor parameter. This paper investigates the properties of the NISP signal estimator by evaluating its performance during the early flight operations of the NISP instrument. First, we revisit the assumptions on which the inference of the near-infrared signal is based and investigate the origin of the main systematics of the signal estimator through Monte Carlo simulations. Then, we test the flight performance of the NISP signal estimator. Results indicate a systematic bias lower than 0.01 e/s for 99% of the NISP pixel array, well within the noise budget of the estimated signal. We also derive an analytical expression for the variance of the NISP signal estimator, demonstrating its validity, particularly when the covariance matrix is not pre-computed. Finally, we provide a robust statistical framework to interpret the QF parameter, analyse its dependence on the signal estimator bias, and show its sensitivity to cosmic ray hits on NISP detectors. Our findings corroborate previous results on the NISP signal estimator and suggest a leading-order correction based on the agreement between flight data and simulations.