Bio-integrated ${\mu}$Bots with Overtone Ultra-Wideband Magnetoelectric Antennas for Wireless Telemetry
/ Authors
M. S. Baghini, Adam Armada-Moreira, A. Clemente, Dibyajyoti Mukherjee, A. Ofiare, Jonathon R. Harwell, Mary F. Dysko, L. Benetti, Declan Bolster, Laura Mazón Maldonado
and 13 more authors
Dayhim Nekoeian, M. Maini, Mostafa Elsayed, Rossana Cecchi, R. Ferreira, Jeff Kettle, S. Cochran, W. Holmes, C. Nuñez, Luca Selmi, Nicola Toschi, Michele Giugliano, H. Heidari
/ Abstract
Implantable and wearable devices require antennas that are both miniaturized and efficient, yet conventional designs are constrained by narrow bandwidth and orientation sensitivity. We report overtone ultra-wideband magnetoelectric (OUWB-ME) antennas that exploit higher order acoustic modes in polished silicon substrates to achieve a 22.6 GHz bandwidth in the 3-4 GHz range. Packaged into"${\mu}$Bots,"these magnetoelectric heterostructures bonded with silver nanoparticle inks maintain stable operation under biological loading. In vitro assays confirm the biocompatibility of AlN and the protective role of parylene encapsulation for FeGa. Ex vivo rat and human tissues reshape transmission spectra, identifying reproducible frequency windows near 3.3 and 3.9 GHz. ${\mu}$Bots enable real-time audiovisual telemetry using software-defined radios and exhibit compatibility with 7T MRI. By combining wideband response, robustness to misalignment, and biocompatible packaging, OUWB-ME ${\mu}$Bots provide a scalable platform for wireless bio-integrated communication and telemetry.