Polarization of reflected X-ray emission from the Sgr A molecular complex: multiple flares, multiple sources?
astro-ph.HE
/ Authors
Ildar Khabibullin, Eugene Churazov, Riccardo Ferrazzoli, Philip Kaaret, Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak, Frédéric Marin, Rashid Sunyaev, Jiri Svoboda, Alexey Vikhlinin, Thibault Barnouin
and 93 more authors
Chien-Ting Chen, Enrico Costa, Laura Di Gesu, Alessandro Di Marco, Steven R. Ehlert, William Forman, Dawoon E. Kim, Ralph Kraft, W. Peter Maksym, Giorgio Matt, Juri Poutanen, Paolo Soffitta, Douglas A. Swartz, Ivan Agudo, Lucio Angelo Antonelli, Luca Baldini, Wayne H. Baumgartner, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Stefano Bianchi, Stephen D. Bongiorno, Raffaella Bonino, Alessandro Brez
/ Abstract
The extended X-ray emission observed in the direction of several molecular clouds in the central molecular zone of our Galaxy exhibits spectral and temporal properties consistent with the X-ray echo scenario. This concept postulates that the observed signal is a light-travel-time delayed reflection of a short ($δt<$1.5 yr) and bright ($L_{\rm X}>10^{39} {\rm erg s^{-1}}$) flare that was most probably produced a few hundred years ago by Sgr A*. This scenario predicts a distinct polarization signature for the reflected X-ray continuum, with the polarization vector being perpendicular to the direction toward the primary source and the polarization degree being determined by the scattering angle. We report the results of two deep observations of the currently brightest (in reflected emission) molecular complex Sgr A taken with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer in 2022 and 2023. We confirm the previous polarization measurement for a large region encompassing the Sgr A complex with high significance. We reveal an inconsistent polarization pattern for the brightest reflection region in its center. The X-ray polarization from this region is almost perpendicular to the expected direction in the case of Sgr A* illumination and shows smaller degree of polarization compared to the large region. This could indicate the simultaneous propagation of several illumination fronts throughout the CMZ, with the origin of one of them not being Sgr A*. The primary source could be associated with the Arches stellar cluster or a currently unknown source located closer to the illuminated cloud, potentially lowering the required luminosity of the primary source. Although significantly deeper observations with IXPE would be required to unequivocally distinguish between the scenarios, a combination of high-resolution imaging and micro-calorimetric spectroscopy offers an additional promising path forward.