Euclid: Early Release Observations of diffuse stellar structures and globular clusters as probes of the mass assembly of galaxies in the Dorado group

/ Authors

M. Urbano, P. Duc, T. Saifollahi, E. Sola, A. Lanccon, K. Voggel, F. Annibali, M. Baes, H. Bouy, M. Cantiello

and 490 more authors

D. Carollo, J. Cuillandre, P. Dimauro, P. Erwin, A. Ferguson, R. Habas, M. Hilker, L. Hunt, M. Kluge, S. Larsen, Q. Liu, O. Marchal, F. Marleau, D. Massari, O. Muller, R. Peletier, M. Poulain, M. Rejkuba, M. Schirmer, C. Stone, R. Zoller, B. Altieri, S. Andreon, N. Auricchio, C. Baccigalupi, M. Baldi, A. Balestra, S. Bardelli, A. Basset, P. Battaglia, E. Branchini, M. Brescia, S. Camera, V. Capobianco, C. Carbone, J. Carretero, S. Casas, M. Castellano, G. Castignani, S. Cavuoti, A. Cimatti, C. Colodro-Conde, G. Congedo, C. Conselice, L. Conversi, Y. Copin, F. Courbin, H. Courtois, H. Degaudenzi, G. D. Lucia, F. Dubath, X. Dupac, S. Dusini, M. Farina, S. Farrens, F. Faustini, S. Ferriol, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, M. Fumana, S. Galeotta, K. George, B. Gillis, C. Giocoli, P. Gómez-Alvarez, A. Grazian, F. Grupp, L. Guzzo, S. Haugan, J. Hoar, H. Hoekstra, W. Holmes, F. Hormuth, A. Hornstrup, P. Hudelot, K. Jahnke, M. Jhabvala, E. Keihanen, S. Kermiche, B. Kubik, M. Kummel, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, D. L. Mignant, S. Ligori, P. Lilje, V. Lindholm, I. Lloro, E. Maiorano, O. Mansutti, S. Marcin, O. Marggraf, K. Markovič, M. Martinelli, N. Martinet, F. Marulli, R. Massey, E. Medinaceli, S. Mei, M. Melchior, M. Meneghetti, E. Merlin, G. Meylan, L. Moscardini, R. Nakajima, C. Neissner, R. Nichol, S. Niemi, C. Padilla, S. Paltani, F. Pasian, K. Pedersen, W. Percival, V. Pettorino, S. Pires, G. Polenta, M. Poncet, L. Popa, L. Pozzetti, F. Raison, A. Renzi, J. Rhodes, G. Riccio, E. Romelli, M. Roncarelli, E. Rossetti, R. Saglia, D. Sapone, B. Sartoris, R. Scaramella, P. Schneider, A. Secroun, G. Seidel, S. Serrano, C. Sirignano, L. Stanco, J. Steinwagner, P. Tallada-Crespí, A. Taylor, I. Tereno, R. Toledo-Moreo, F. Torradeflot, I. Tutusaus, T. Vassallo, G. Kleijn, Y. Wang, J. Weller, O. Williams, E. Zucca, M. Bolzonella, C. Burigana, A. Mora, V. S. U. D. Strasbourg, Cnrs, O. Strasbourg, Umr 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France, I. O. Astronomy, U. Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, Uk, I. Bologna, V. G. 933, 40129 Bologna, Italy, S. Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, S9 Krijgslaan281, 9000 Gent, Belgium, Institut universitaire de France, 1. R. Descartes, 05 75231PARISCEDEX, L. Bordeaux, U. Bordeaux, All'ee Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 33165 Pessac, I. A. d'Abruzzo, Via M. Maggini, 64100, Teramo, Inaf Trieste, 11 ViaG.B.Tiepolo, 34127 Trieste, Universit'e Paris-Saclay, Universit'e de Paris Cit'e, Cea, Aim, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, Inafiasf Roma, 33 viaFrascati, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, O. Nacional, R. Cristino, 77-Bairro Imperial de Sao Cristovao, R. Janeiro, 20921-400, Brazil, M. F. P. Physics, 1. Giessenbachstr., 85748 Garching, Germany, Institute for Astronomy, U. Edinburgh, R. Observatory, B. Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, E. Observatory, 2. Karl-Schwarzschild-Str., Inaf - Arcetri, 5. LargoE.Fermi, 50125, Firenze, Department of AstrophysicsIMAPP, R. University, P. B. 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands., L. Observatory, Leiden University, 55 Einsteinweg, 2333 CC Leiden, U. Innsbruck, Institut fur Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 258, 6020 Innsbruck, M Austria, I. O. Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, E. P. F. Lausanne, Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland., Visiting Fellow, Clare Hall, Cambridge, K. Institute, U. Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, S. Physics, A. Unit, U. Oulu, 1. PenttiKaiterankatu, F. Oulu, Finland., M. Astronomie, 17 Konigstuhl, 69117 Heidelberg, D. Physics, U. Montr'eal, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montr'eal, Qu'ebec H3T 1J4, Canada, Ciela Institute - Montr'eal Institute for Astrophysical Analysis, Machine Learning, Qu'ebec, M. -. Q. A. I. Institute, Universitatssternwarte Munchen, F. Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, 1. Scheinerstrasse, 8. Munchen, Esacesa, Camino Bajo de Castillo, Sn, Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Canada, Madrid, Spain., Inaf Brera, 28 ViaBrera, 20133 Milano, Ifpu, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, 2. viaBeirut, 34127 Trieste, Infn, Sezione di Trieste, 2. ViaValerio, TS 34127Trieste, Sissa, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, TS 34136Trieste, D. Astronomia, U. Bologna, V. G. 932, I. Bologna, 62 vialeBertiPichat, 40129 Bologna, Inaf - Padova, 5. Viadell'Osservatorio, 35131 Padova, C. Toulouse, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 9. 31401ToulouseCedex, D. Fisica, U. Genova, 33 viaDodecaneso, 16146, Genova, I. Genova, Department of PhysicsE. Pancini, U. Federico, 6. ViaCinthia, 80126, Napoli, I. -. Capodimonte, 16 viaMoiariello, 80131 Napoli, I. Naples, U. Torino, 1. ViaP.Giuria, 10125 Torino, I. Torino, I. Torino, 20 viaOsservatorio, 1. P. Torinese, Inaf-Iasf Milano, 12 ViaAlfonsoCorti, 20133 Milano, Centro de Investigaciones Energ'eticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol'ogicas, 40 AvenidaComplutense, 28014 Madrid, Port d'Informaci'o Cient'ifica, Campus Uab, C. Sn, 08193 Bellaterra, I. F. Physics, Cosmology, Rwth Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Institute of Cosmology, Gravitation, U. Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, D. Bologna, Instituto de Astrof'isica de Canarias, C. V. L. sn, 38204, San Crist'obal de La Laguna, Tenerife, J. B. C. F. Astrophysics, Astronomy, U. Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, European Space AgencyESRIN, 1. LargoGalileoGalilei, 00044 Frascati, Roma, 1. Universit'eClaudeBernardLyon, CNRSIN2p3, I. Lyon, Umr 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, Institut de Ci'encies del Cosmos, U. Barcelona, 1. Mart'iiFranques, 08193 Barcelona, I. C. D. R. I. E. Avanccats, 23 PasseigdeLlu'isCompanys, 08193 Barcelona, 1. UCBLyon, Iuf, 4. R. E. Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, D. O. Astronomy, U. Geneva, 16 ch.d'Ecogia, INFN-Padova, 8. viaMarzolo, 35131 Padova, I. D. A. E. P. Spaziali, V. Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Roma, S. Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Fractal S.L.N.E., 2. calleTulip'an, 1A Portal13, 28231, L. Madrid, Dipartimento di FisicaAldo Pontremoli, U. Milano, 16 viaCeloria, I. Astrophysics, U. Oslo, P. O. B. 1. Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway., Jet propulsion Laboratory, C. I. O. Technology., 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, Ca, 91109, Usa, Felix Hormuth Engineering, 17 Goethestr., 69181 Leimen, T. Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark., Cosmic Dawn Center, I. D. Paris, Umr 7095, Sorbonne Universit'e, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 7. Paris, Nasa Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, H. I. O. Physics, 2. GustafHallstrominkatu, 0. Helsinki, A. Universit'e, Cppm, Marseille, U. Geneve, D'epartement de Physique Th'eorique, Centre for Theoretical Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 4. CH-1211Geneve, 64 P.O.Box, U. Helsinki, Helsinki, Cnes, Lam, Nova Optical IR Instrumentation Group at Astron, 4. OudeHoogeveensedijk, 7991PD, Dwingeloo, U. Sciences, A. Switzerland, School of Electrical Engineering, 5210 Windisch, U. Bonn, Argelander Institut fur Astronomie, 71 AufdemHugel, 53121 Bonn, I. Roma, P. A. Moro, 2. -. C. D. D. Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00133 Roma, V. G. 932, Institute for Computational Cosmology, D. University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 7. Paris, C. Laboratory, Centre Pierre Binetruy, IRL2007, CPB-IN2P3, Berkeley, Institut de F'isica d'Altes Energies, T. Z. F. O. Science, Technology, S. O. Mathematics, Physics, U. Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, European Space AgencyESTEC, 1. Keplerlaan, 2. Noordwijk, Dark, Niels Bohr Institute, U. Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155, 2200 Copenhagen, Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, U. Waterloo, Waterloo

/ Abstract

Deep surveys have helped to unveil the history of past and present galaxy mergers, and, in particular, uncovering their tidal debris and co-located globular clusters (GCs). Euclid's unique combination of capabilities (spatial resolution, depth, and wide sky coverage) will make it a groundbreaking tool for galactic archaeology in the Local Universe, bringing low-surface-brightness (LSB) science into the era of large-scale astronomical surveys. Euclid's Early Release Observations (ERO) demonstrate this potential with a field of view that includes several galaxies in the Dorado group. In this paper, we aim to derive from this image a mass assembly scenario for its main galaxies: NGC,1549, NGC,1553, and NGC,1546. We detected their internal and external diffuse structures, and identified candidate GCs. By analysing the colours and distributions of the diffuse structures and candidate GCs, we can place constraints on the galaxies' mass assembly and merger histories. The results demonstrate that feature morphology, surface brightness, colours, and GC density profiles are consistent with galaxies that have undergone different merger scenarios. We classify NGC,1549 as a pure elliptical galaxy that has undergone a major merger. NGC,1553 appears to have recently transitioned from a late-type galaxy to early type, after a series of radial minor to intermediate mergers. NGC,1546 is a rare specimen of galaxy with an undisturbed disk and a prominent diffuse stellar halo, which we infer has been fed by minor mergers and then disturbed by the tidal effect from NGC,1553. Finally, we identify limitations specific to the observing conditions of this ERO, in particular, stray light in the visible and persistence in the near-infrared bands. Once these issues are addressed and the extended emission from LSB objects is preserved by the data-processing pipeline, the Euclid Wide Survey will allow for studies of the Local Universe to be extended to statistical ensembles over a large part of the extragalactic sky.

Journal: Astronomy & Astrophysics

DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202453534