A Nonparametric Morphological Analysis of Hα Emission in Bright Dwarfs Using the Merian Survey

Using medium-band imaging from the newly released Merian Survey, we conduct a nonparametric morphological analysis of Hα emission maps and stellar continua for a sample of galaxies with 8≲log(M⋆/M⊙)<10.3 at 0.064 < z < 0.1. We present a novel method for estimating the stellar continuum emission through the Merian Survey’s N708 medium-band filter, which we use to measure Hα emission and produce Hα maps for our sample of galaxies with seven-band Merian photometry and available spectroscopy. We measure nonparametric morphological statistics for the Hα and stellar continuum images, explore how the morphology of the Hα differs from the continuum, and investigate how the parameters evolve with the galaxies’ physical properties. In agreement with previous results for more massive galaxies, we find that the asymmetry of the stellar continuum increases with specific star formation rate (sSFR), and we extend the trend to lower masses, also showing that it holds for the asymmetry of the Hα emission. We find that the lowest-mass galaxies with the highest sSFR have Hα emission that is consistently heterogeneous and compact, while the less active galaxies in this mass range have Hα emission that appears diffuse. At higher masses, our data do not span a sufficient range in sSFR to evaluate whether similar trends apply. We conclude that high sSFRs in low-mass galaxies likely result from dynamical instabilities that compress a galaxy’s molecular gas to a dense region near the center.