Time-space-encoded readout for noise suppression and scalable scanning in optically active solid-state spin systems

Optically active solid-state spin systems have been extensively studied in quantum technologies. We introduce a new readout scheme, termed “time-to-space” (T2S) encoding, which decouples spin manipulation from optical readout both temporally and spatially. This is achieved by simultaneously controlling the spin state within a region of interest, followed by rapid scanning of the optical readout position using an acousto-optic modulator. Time tracking allows the optical readout position to be encoded as a function of time. Using nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles in diamond, we demonstrate that the T2S scheme enables correlated experiments for efficient common-mode noise cancellation in various nano- and microscale sensing scenarios. Additionally, we show scalable multipixel imaging that does not require a camera and has the potential to accelerate data acquisition by several hundred times compared to conventional scanning methods. We anticipate widespread adoption of this technique, as it requires no additional components beyond those commonly used in experiments with optically adressable spin systems. Published by the American Physical Society 2025