Euclid preparation. LVIII. Detecting extragalactic globular clusters in the Euclid survey

/ Authors

Euclid Collaboration K. Voggel, A. Lanccon, T. Saifollahi, S. Larsen, M. Cantiello, M. Rejkuba, J. Cuillandre, P. Hudelot, A. Nucita, M. Urbano

and 490 more authors

E. Romelli, M. A. Raj, M. Schirmer, C. Tortora, Abdurro’uf, F. Annibali, M. Baes, P. Boldrini, R. Cabanac, D. Carollo, C. Conselice, P. Duc, A. Ferguson, L. Hunt, J. Knapen, P. Lonare, F. Marleau, M. Poulain, R. S'anchez-Janssen, E. Sola, S. Andreon, N. Auricchio, M. Baldi, S. Bardelli, C. Bodendorf, D. Bonino, E. Branchini, M. Brescia, J. Brinchmann, S. Camera, V. Capobianco, C. Carbone, R. Carlberg, J. Carretero, S. Casas, M. Castellano, S. Cavuoti, A. Cimatti, G. Congedo, L. Conversi, Y. Copin, F. Courbin, H. Courtois, M. Cropper, A. Silva, H. Degaudenzi, A. Giorgio, J. Dinis, F. Dubath, X. Dupac, S. Dusini, M. Farina, S. Farrens, S. Ferriol, S. Fotopoulou, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, M. Fumana, S. Galeotta, W. Gillard, B. Gillis, C. Giocoli, P. G'omez-Alvarez, A. Grazian, F. Grupp, S. Haugan, H. Hoekstra, W. Holmes, I. Hook, F. Hormuth, A. Hornstrup, K. Jahnke, E. Keihanen, S. Kermiche, A. Kiessling, M. Kilbinger, R. Kohley, B. Kubik, M. Kummel, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, R. Laureijs, S. Ligori, P. Lilje, V. Lindholm, I. Lloro, D. Maino, E. Maiorano, O. Mansutti, O. Marggraf, K. Markovič, N. Martinet, F. Marulli, R. Massey, S. Maurogordato, E. Medinaceli, S. Mei, Y. Mellier, M. Meneghetti, E. Merlin, G. Meylan, Michele Moresco, L. Moscardini, E. Munari, R. Nakajima, R. Nichol, S. Niemi, J. Nightingale, C. Padilla, S. Paltani, F. Pasian, K. Pedersen, V. Pettorino, S. Pires, G. Polenta, M. Poncet, L. Popa, L. Pozzetti, F. Raison, R. Rebolo, A. Renzi, J. Rhodes, G. Riccio, M. Roncarelli, E. Rossetti, R. Saglia, D. Sapone, B. Sartoris, R. Scaramella, P. Schneider, T. Schrabback, A. Secroun, G. Seidel, S. Serrano, C. Sirignano, G. Sirri, L. Stanco, C. Surace, P. Tallada-Cresp'i, H. Teplitz, I. Tereno, R. Toledo-Moreo, F. Torradeflot, I. Tutusaus, E. Valentijn, L. Valenziano, T. Vassallo, A. Veropalumbo, Y. Wang, J. Weller, G. Zamorani, E. Zucca, A. Biviano, M. Bolzonella, E. Bozzo, C. Burigana, M. Calabrese, C. Colodro-Conde, G. Lucia, D. Ferdinando, J. Vigo, R. Farinelli, K. George, J. Graciá-Carpio, P. Liebing, M. Martinelli, N. Mauri, C. Neissner, Z. Sakr, V. Scottez, M. Tenti, M. Viel, M. Wiesmann, Y. Akrami, V. Allevato, S. Anselmi, C. Baccigalupi, M. Ballardini, M. Béthermin, A. Blanchard, L. Blot, S. Borgani, A. Borlaff, S. Bruton, A. Calabrò, G. Cañas-Herrera, A. Cappi, C. Carvalho, G. Castignani, T. Castro, K. Chambers, S. Contarini, A. Cooray, B. Caro, G. Desprez, A. D'iaz-S'anchez, S. Domizio, H. Dole, S. Escoffier, I. Ferrero, F. Finelli, F. Fornari, L. Gabarra, K. Ganga, J. Garc'ia-Bellido, V. Gautard, E. Gaztañaga, F. Giacomini, G. Gozaliasl, A. Hall, H. Hildebrandt, J. Hjorth, O. Ilbert, J. Kajava, Vanshika Kansal, D. Karagiannis, C. Kirkpatrick, L. Legrand, G. Libet, A. Loureiro, J. Macías-Pérez, G. Maggio, M. Magliocchetti, F. Mannucci, R. Maoli, C. Martins, S. Matthew, L. Maurin, R. B. Metcalf, P. Monaco, C. Moretti, G. Morgante, N. A. Walton, L. Patrizii, A. Pezzotta, M. Pontinen, V. Popa, C. Porciani, D. Potter, P. Reimberg, I. Risso, P. Rocci, M. Sahl'en, A. Schneider, E. Sefusatti, M. Sereno, P. Simon, A. Mancini, J. Steinwagner, G. Testera, R. Teyssier, S. Toft, S. Tosi, A. Troja, M. Tucci, J. Valiviita, D. Vergani, G. Verza, I. Zinchenko, G. Mamon, D. Strasbourg, Cnrs, O. Strasbourg, Umr 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France, O. Strasbourg, U. Cnrs, Strasbourg, K. Institute, U. Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands., Department of AstrophysicsIMAPP, R. University, P. B. 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, I. A. d'Abruzzo, Via M. Maggini, 64100, Teramo, Italy, E. Observatory, 2. Karl-SchwarzschildStr., 85748 Garching, Germany, Universit'e Paris-Saclay, Universit'e de Paris Cit'e, Cea, Aim, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, I. D. Paris, Umr 7095, Sorbonne Universit'e, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 7. Paris, D. Mathematics, Physics E. De Giorgi, University of Salento, V. Arnesano, CP-I93, 73100, Lecce, INAF-Sezione di Lecce, C. D. D. Fisica, Infn, Sezione di Lecce, CP-193, Inaf Trieste, 11 ViaG.B.Tiepolo, 34127 Trieste, M. Astronomie, 17 Konigstuhl, 69117 Heidelberg, I. -. Capodimonte, 16 viaMoiariello, 80131 Napoli, J. Baltimore, MD 21218, Usa, I. Bologna, V. G. 933, 40129 Bologna, S. Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, S9 Krijgslaan281, 9000 Gent, Belgium, Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Plan'etologie, U. Toulouse, Ups, Cnes, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, J. B. C. F. Astrophysics, D. Physics, Astronomy, U. Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Uk, Institute for Astronomy, U. Edinburgh, R. Observatory, B. Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Inaf - Arcetri, 5. LargoE.Fermi, 50125, Firenze, Instituto de Astrof'isica de Canarias, C. V. L. sn, 38204, San Crist'obal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain., D. Astrof'isica, U. L. Laguna, 38206, L. Laguna, D. Fisica, Universita' di Roma Tor Vergata, 1. ViadellaRicercaScientifica, Roma, U. Innsbruck, Institut fur Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 258, 6020 Innsbruck, M Austria, S. Physics, A. Unit, U. Oulu, 1. PenttiKaiterankatu, F. Oulu, Finland., UK Astronomy Technology Centre, I. O. Astronomy, U. Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, Inaf Brera, 28 ViaBrera, 20133 Milano, D. Astronomia, U. Bologna, V. G. 932, I. Bologna, 62 vialeBertiPichat, 40129 Bologna, M. F. P. Physics, 1. Giessenbachstr., I. Torino, 20 viaOsservatorio, 1. P. Torinese, U. Genova, 33 viaDodecaneso, 16146, Genova, I. Genova, Department of PhysicsE. Pancini, U. Federico, 6. ViaCinthia, 80126, Napoli, I. Naples, I. D. A. E. C. D. Espacco, U. Porto, Caup, Rua das Estrelas, P. Porto, Portugal, U. Torino, 1. ViaP.Giuria, 10125 Torino, I. Torino, Inaf-Iasf Milano, 12 ViaAlfonsoCorti, 20133 Milano, D. B. M. R. I. O. Astrophysics, U. Toronto, 50 St George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada, Centro de Investigaciones Energ'eticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol'ogicas, 40 AvenidaComplutense, 28014 Madrid, Port d'Informaci'o Cient'ifica, Campus Uab, C. Sn, 08193 Bellaterra, I. F. Physics, Cosmology, Rwth Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, I. Roma, 33 viaFrascati, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, D. Bologna, European Space AgencyESRIN, 1. LargoGalileoGalilei, 00044 Frascati, Esacesa, Camino Bajo de Castillo, Sn, Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Canada, Madrid, 1. Universit'eClaudeBernardLyon, CNRSIN2p3, I. Lyon, Umr 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, I. O. Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, E. P. F. Lausanne, Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland., 1. UCBLyon, Iuf, 4. R. E. Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, U. London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, Departament de F'isica, F. Ciencias, Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa, C8 Edif'icio, C. Grande, P. Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, D. O. Astronomy, U. Geneva, 16 ch.d'Ecogia, I. D. A. E. P. Spaziali, V. Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Roma, INFN-Padova, 8. viaMarzolo, 35131 Padova, S. O. Physics

/ Abstract

Extragalactic globular clusters (EGCs) are an abundant and powerful tracer of galaxy dynamics and formation, and their own formation and evolution is also a matter of extensive debate. The compact nature of globular clusters means that they are hard to spatially resolve and thus study outside the Local Group. In this work we have examined how well EGCs will be detectable in images from the telescope, using both simulated pre-launch images and the first early-release observations of the Fornax galaxy cluster. The Euclid Wide Survey will provide high-spatial resolution VIS imaging in the broad band as well as near-infrared photometry ( and We estimate that the 24 719 known galaxies within 100 Mpc in the footprint of the survey host around 830 000 EGCs of which about 350 000 are within the survey's detection limits. For about half of these EGCs, three infrared colours will be available as well. For any galaxy within 50 Mpc the brighter half of its GC luminosity function will be detectable by the Euclid Wide Survey. The detectability of EGCs is mainly driven by the residual surface brightness of their host galaxy. We find that an automated machine-learning EGC-classification method based on real data of the Fornax galaxy cluster provides an efficient method to generate high purity and high completeness GC candidate catalogues. We confirm that EGCs are spatially resolved compared to pure point sources in VIS images of Fornax. Our analysis of both simulated and first on-sky data show that Euclid will increase the number of GCs accessible with high-resolution imaging substantially compared to previous surveys, and will permit the study of GCs in the outskirts of their hosts. is unique in enabling systematic studies of EGCs in a spatially unbiased and homogeneous manner and is primed to improve our understanding of many understudied aspects of GC astrophysics.

Journal: Astronomy & Astrophysics

DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202450851