Euclid Early Release Observations -- Deep anatomy of nearby galaxies

/ Authors

L. Hunt, F. Annibali, J. Cuillandre, A. Ferguson, P. Jablonka, S. Larsen, F. Marleau, E. Schinnerer, M. Schirmer, C. Stone

and 490 more authors

C. Tortora, T. Saifollahi, A. Lanccon, M. Bolzonella, S. Gwyn, M. Kluge, R. Laureijs, D. Carollo, M. Collins, P. Dimauro, P. Duc, D. Erkal, J. Howell, C. Nally, E. Saremi, R. Scaramella, V. Belokurov, C. Conselice, J. Knapen, A. McConnachie, I. Mcdonald, J. Carretero, J. Román, M. Sauvage, E. Sola, N. Aghanim, B. Altieri, S. Andreon, N. Auricchio, S. Awan, R. Azzollini, M. Baldi, A. Balestra, S. Bardelli, A. Basset, R. Bender, D. Bonino, E. Branchini, M. Brescia, J. Brinchmann, S. Camera, G. Candini, V. Capobianco, C. Carbone, J. Carretero, S. Casas, M. Castellano, S. Cavuoti, A. Cimatti, G. Congedo, L. Conversi, Y. Copin, L. Corcione, F. Courbin, H. Courtois, M. Cropper, A. Silva, H. Degaudenzi, A. Giorgio, J. Dinis, F. Dubath, X. Dupac, S. Dusini, M. Farina, S. Farrens, S. Ferriol, P. Fosalba, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, M. Fumana, S. Galeotta, B. Garilli, W. Gillard, B. Gillis, C. Giocoli, P. G'omez-Alvarez, B. Granett, A. Grazian, F. Grupp, L. Guzzo, S. Haugan, J. Hoar, H. Hoekstra, M. Holliman, W. Holmes, I. Hook, F. Hormuth, A. Hornstrup, P. Hudelot, K. Jahnke, E. Keihanen, S. Kermiche, A. Kiessling, M. Kilbinger, T. Kitching, R. Kohley, B. Kubik, K. Kuijken, M. Kummel, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, O. Lahav, D. L. Mignant, P. Lilje, V. Lindholm, I. Lloro, E. Maiorano, O. Mansutti, O. Marggraf, K. Markovič, N. Martinet, F. Marulli, R. Massey, S. Maurogordato, H. McCracken, E. Medinaceli, S. Mei, Y. Mellier, M. Meneghetti, E. Merlin, G. Meylan, Michele Moresco, L. Moscardini, E. Munari, R. Nakajima, R. Nichol, S. Niemi, J. Nightingale, C. Padilla, S. Paltani, F. Pasian, K. Pedersen, W. Percival, V. Pettorino, S. Pires, G. Polenta, M. Poncet, L. Popa, L. Pozzetti, G. Racca, F. Raison, R. Rebolo, A. Refregier, A. Renzi, J. Rhodes, G. Riccio, E. Romelli, M. Roncarelli, E. Rossetti, R. Saglia, D. Sapone, B. Sartoris, P. Schneider, T. Schrabback, M. Scodeggio, A. Secroun, G. Seidel, S. Serrano, C. Sirignano, G. Sirri, J. Skottfelt, L. Stanco, P. Tallada-Cresp'i, D. Tavagnacco, A. Taylor, H. Teplitz, I. Tereno, R. Toledo-Moreo, F. Torradeflot, I. Tutusaus, E. Valentijn, L. Valenziano, T. Vassallo, G. Kleijn, A. Veropalumbo, Y. Wang, J. Weller, O. Williams, G. Zamorani, E. Zucca, C. Burigana, G. Lucia, K. George, V. Scottez, M. Miluzio, P. Simon, A. Mora, J. Mart'in-Fleitas, D. S. I. A. D. Arcetri, 5. LargoE.Fermi, 50125, Firenze, Italy, I. Bologna, V. G. 933, 40129 Bologna, Universit'e Paris-Saclay, Universit'e de Paris Cit'e, Cea, Cnrs, Aim, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, Institute for Astronomy, U. Edinburgh, R. Observatory, B. Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Uk, I. O. Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, E. P. F. Lausanne, Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland., Department of AstrophysicsIMAPP, R. University, P. B. 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands., U. Innsbruck, Institut fur Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 258, 6020 Innsbruck, M Austria, M. Astronomie, 17 Konigstuhl, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, D. Physics, U. Montr'eal, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montr'eal, Qu'ebec H3T 1J4, Canada, I. -. Capodimonte, 16 viaMoiariello, 80131 Napoli, O. Strasbourg, U. Cnrs, Umr 7550, Strasbourg, K. Institute, U. Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Nrc Herzberg, 5071 West Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, M. F. P. Physics, 1. Giessenbachstr., 85748 Garching, European Space AgencyESTEC, 1. Keplerlaan, 2. Noordwijk, Inaf Trieste, 11 ViaG.B.Tiepolo, 34127 Trieste, S. O. Mathematics, Physics, U. Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, I. Roma, 33 viaFrascati, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, O. Nacional, R. Cristino, 77-Bairro Imperial de Sao Cristovao, R. Janeiro, 20921-400, Brazil, U. Strasbourg, O. Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, School of Physics Astronomy, U. Southampton, Highfields Campus, S. 1BJ, I. Roma, P. A. Moro, 2. -. C. D. D. Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00133 Roma, I. O. Astronomy, U. Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, J. B. C. F. Astrophysics, Astronomy, U. Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Instituto de Astrof'isica de Canarias, C. V. L. sn, 38204, San Crist'obal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain., D. Astrof'isica, U. L. Laguna, 38206, L. Laguna, L. Observatory, Leiden University, 55 Einsteinweg, 2333 CC Leiden, D. Astrof'isica, U. Madrid, 2. PlazadelasCiencias, E. Madrid, I. D. Spatiale, 91405, Orsay, Esacesa, Camino Bajo de Castillo, Sn, Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Canada, Madrid, Inaf Brera, 28 ViaBrera, 20133 Milano, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, U. London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, D. Astronomia, U. Bologna, V. G. 932, I. Bologna, 62 vialeBertiPichat, 40129 Bologna, Inaf - Padova, 5. Viadell'Osservatorio, 35131 Padova, C. Toulouse, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 9. 31401ToulouseCedex, Universitatssternwarte Munchen, F. Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, 1. Scheinerstrasse, 8. Munchen, I. Torino, 20 viaOsservatorio, 1. P. Torinese, D. Fisica, U. Genova, 33 viaDodecaneso, 16146, Genova, I. Genova, Department of PhysicsE. Pancini, U. Federico, 6. ViaCinthia, 80126, Napoli, I. Naples, I. D. A. E. C. D. Espacco, U. Porto, Caup, Rua das Estrelas, P. Porto, Portugal, F. Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, U. Torino, 1. ViaP.Giuria, 10125 Torino, I. Torino, Inaf-Iasf Milano, 12 ViaAlfonsoCorti, 20133 Milano, Centro de Investigaciones Energ'eticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol'ogicas, 40 AvenidaComplutense, 28014 Madrid, Port d'Informaci'o Cient'ifica, Campus Uab, C. Sn, 08193 Bellaterra, I. F. Physics, Cosmology, Rwth Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, D. Bologna, European Space AgencyESRIN, 1. LargoGalileoGalilei, 00044 Frascati, Roma, 1. Universit'eClaudeBernardLyon, CNRSIN2p3, I. Lyon, Umr 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, 1. UCBLyon, Iuf, 4. R. E. Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, Departament de F'isica, F. Ciencias, Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa, C8 Edif'icio, C. Grande, P. Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, D. O. Astronomy, U. Geneva, 16 ch.d'Ecogia, I. D. A. E. P. Spaziali, V. Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Roma, INFN-Padova, 8. viaMarzolo, 35131 Padova, I. D. E. D. Catalunya, Edifici Rdit, C. Upc, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Institut de Ci'encies de l'Espai, Carrer de Can Magrans, sn Cerdanyola del Vall'es, 08193 Barcelona, A. Universit'e, Cppm, Marseille, Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare, Sezione Infn di Bologna, 46 ViaIrnerio, 40129 Bologna, Fractal S.L.N.E., 2. calleTulip'an, 1A Portal13, 28231, L. Madrid, Dipartimento di FisicaAldo Pontremoli, U. Milano, 16 viaCeloria, I. Astrophysics, U. Oslo, P. O. B. 1. Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway., H. C. F. T. Physics, S. O. Physics, T. D. O. Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Jet propulsion Laboratory, C. I. O. Technology., 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, Ca, 91109, Usa, L. University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, Felix Hormuth Engineering, 17 Goethestr., 69181 Leimen, T. Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark., Cosmic Dawn Center, I. D. Paris, Umr 7095, Sorbonne Universit'e, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 7. Paris, H. I. O. Physics, 2. GustafHallstrominkatu, 0. Helsinki, Finland., U. Paris, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, U. Geneve, D'epartement de Physique Th'eorique, Centre for Theoretical Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 4. CH-1211Geneve

/ Abstract

is poised to make significant advances in the study of nearby galaxies in the Local Universe. Here we present a first look at six galaxies observed for the Nearby Galaxy Showcase as part of the Early Release Observations acquired between August and November 2023. These targets, three dwarf galaxies (Holmberg\,II, IC\,10, and NGC\,6822) and three spirals (IC\,342, NGC\,2403, and NGC\,6744), range in distance from about 0.5\,Mpc to 8.8\,Mpc. We first assess the surface brightness depths in the stacked images, and confirm previous estimates in 100\,arcsec$^2$ regions for Visible Camera (VIS) of $1 limits of $30.5$\ but find deeper than previous estimates for Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) with $1 By combining and into RGB images, we illustrate the large field of view (FoV) covered by a single reference observing sequence (ROS), together with exquisite detail on scales of $<1$--$4$ parsecs in these nearby galaxies. Our analysis of radial surface brightness and color profiles demonstrates that the photometric calibration of is consistent with what is expected for galaxy colors according to stellar synthesis models. We perform standard source-selection techniques for stellar photometry, and find approximately 1.3 million stars across the six galaxy fields. After subtracting foreground stars and background galaxies, and applying a color and magnitude selection, we extract stellar populations of different ages for the six galaxies. The resolved stellar photometry obtained with allows us to constrain the star-formation histories of these galaxies, which we do by disentangling the distributions of young stars and asymptotic giant branch and red giant branch stellar populations. We finally examine two galaxies individually for surrounding systems of dwarf galaxy satellites and globular cluster populations. Our analysis of the ensemble of dwarf satellites around NGC\,6744 recovers all the previously known dwarf satellites within the FoV, and also confirms the satellite nature of a previously identified candidate, dw1909m6341, a nucleated dwarf spheroidal at the end of a spiral arm. Our new census of the globular clusters around NGC\,2403 yields nine new star-cluster candidates, eight of which exhibit colors indicative of evolved stellar populations. In summary, our first investigation of six ``showcase'' galaxies demonstrates that is a powerful probe of stellar structure and stellar populations in nearby galaxies, and will provide vastly improved statistics on dwarf satellite systems and extragalactic globular clusters in the local Universe, among many other exciting results.

Journal: Astronomy & Astrophysics

DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202450781