Euclid: Early Release Observations. A glance at free-floating newborn planets in the sigma Orionis cluster

/ Authors

E. Mart'in, M. vZerjal, H. Bouy, D. Martín-González, S. Torres, D. Barrado, J. Olivares, A. P'erez-Garrido, P. Mas-Buitrago, P. Cruz

and 490 more authors

E. Solano, M. Osorio, N. Lodieu, V. B'ejar, J.-Y. Zhang, C. D. Burgo, N. Hu'elamo, R. Laureijs, A. Mora, T. Saifollahi, J. Cuillandre, M. Schirmer, R. Tata, S. Points, N. Phan-Bao, B. Goldman, S. Casewell, C. Reyl'e, R. L. Smart, N. Aghanim, B. Altieri, S. Andreon, N. Auricchio, M. Baldi, A. Balestra, S. Bardelli, A. Basset, R. Bender, D. Bonino, E. Branchini, M. Brescia, J. Brinchmann, S. Camera, V. Capobianco, C. Carbone, J. Carretero, S. Casas, M. Castellano, S. Cavuoti, A. Cimatti, G. Congedo, C. Conselice, L. Conversi, Y. Copin, L. Corcione, F. Courbin, H. Courtois, M. Cropper, A. Silva, H. Degaudenzi, A. Giorgio, J. Dinis, F. Dubath, X. Dupac, S. Dusini, A. Ealet, M. Farina, S. Farrens, S. Ferriol, P. Fosalba, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, M. Fumana, S. Galeotta, B. Garilli, W. Gillard, B. Gillis, C. Giocoli, P. G'omez-Alvarez, A. Grazian, F. Grupp, L. Guzzo, S. Haugan, J. Hoar, H. Hoekstra, W. Holmes, I. Hook, F. Hormuth, A. Hornstrup, D. Hu, P. Hudelot, K. Jahnke, M. Jhabvala, E. Keihanen, S. Kermiche, A. Kiessling, M. Kilbinger, T. Kitching, R. Kohley, B. Kubik, M. Kummel, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, D. L. Mignant, S. Ligori, P. Lilje, V. Lindholm, I. Lloro, D. Maino, E. Maiorano, O. Mansutti, O. Marggraf, N. Martinet, F. Marulli, R. Massey, E. Medinaceli, S. Mei, M. Melchior, Y. Mellier, M. Meneghetti, G. Meylan, J. Mohr, Michele Moresco, L. Moscardini, S. Niemi, C. Padilla, S. Paltani, F. Pasian, K. Pedersen, W. Percival, V. Pettorino, S. Pires, G. Polenta, M. Poncet, L. Popa, L. Pozzetti, G. Racca, F. Raison, R. Rebolo, A. Renzi, J. Rhodes, G. Riccio, H. Rix, E. Romelli, M. Roncarelli, E. Rossetti, R. Saglia, D. Sapone, B. Sartoris, M. Sauvage, R. Scaramella, P. Schneider, A. Secroun, G. Seidel, M. Seiffert, S. Serrano, C. Sirignano, G. Sirri, L. Stanco, P. Tallada-Cresp'i, A. Taylor, H. Teplitz, I. Tereno, R. Toledo-Moreo, A. Tsyganov, I. Tutusaus, L. Valenziano, T. Vassallo, G. Kleijn, Y. Wang, J. Weller, O. Williams, E. Zucca, C. Baccigalupi, G. Willis, P. Simon, J. Mart'in-Fleitas, D. C. I. D. A. D. Canarias, C. V. L. sn, 38204, San Crist'obal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain., D. Astrof'isica, U. L. Laguna, 38206, L. Laguna, L. Bordeaux, Cnrs, U. Bordeaux, All'ee Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 33165 Pessac, France, Institut universitaire de France, 1. R. Descartes, 05 75231PARISCEDEX, Departamento de F'isica Fundamental. Universidad de Salamanca. Salamanca, C. D. Astrobiolog'ia, CSIC--INTA, Esac campus, camino bajo del castillo sn, 28692 Villanueva de la Canada, Madrid, Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial, U. N. D. E. A. Distancia, 16 cJuandelRosal, E-28040, Departamento de F'isica Aplicada, Universidad Polit'ecnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, European Space AgencyESTEC, 1. Keplerlaan, 2. Noordwijk, The Netherlands., Aurora Technology for European Space Agency, Camino Bajo de Castillo, Sn, Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28014 Madrid, O. Strasbourg, U. Cnrs, Umr 7550, Strasbourg, K. Institute, U. Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Universit'e Paris-Saclay, Universit'e de Paris Cit'e, Cea, Aim, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, M. Astronomie, 17 Konigstuhl, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, O. University, P. Department, 1. O. University, Athens, OH 45701, Usa, NSF's Noir, Lab 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85719, D. Physics, I. University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, V. N. University, I. University, 1. R. J. Cassini, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, S. O. Physics, Astronomy, U. Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, Uk, Universit'e de Franche-Comt'e, Institut Utinam, Cnrs UMR6213, Osu Theta Franche-Comt'e-Bourgogne, Observatoire de Besanccon, BP 1615, 25010 Besanccon Cedex, I. Torino, 20 viaOsservatorio, 1. P. Torinese, Italy, Mathematics, U. Hertfordshire, C. Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, I. D. Spatiale, 91405, Orsay, Esacesa, Camino Bajo de Castillo, Sn, Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, Inaf Brera, 28 ViaBrera, 20133 Milano, I. Bologna, V. G. 933, 40129 Bologna, D. Astronomia, U. Bologna, V. G. 932, I. Bologna, 62 vialeBertiPichat, 40129 Bologna, Inaf - Padova, 5. Viadell'Osservatorio, 35131 Padova, C. Toulouse, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 9. 31401ToulouseCedex, M. F. P. Physics, 1. Giessenbachstr., 85748 Garching, Universitatssternwarte Munchen, F. Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, 1. Scheinerstrasse, 8. Munchen, D. Fisica, U. Genova, 33 viaDodecaneso, 16146, Genova, I. Genova, Department of PhysicsE. Pancini, U. Federico, 6. ViaCinthia, 80126, Napoli, I. -. Capodimonte, 16 viaMoiariello, 80131 Napoli, I. Naples, I. D. A. E. C. D. Espacco, U. Porto, Caup, Rua das Estrelas, P. Porto, Portugal, U. Torino, 1. ViaP.Giuria, 10125 Torino, I. Torino, Inaf-Iasf Milano, 12 ViaAlfonsoCorti, 20133 Milano, Centro de Investigaciones Energ'eticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol'ogicas, 40 AvenidaComplutense, 28014 Madrid, Port d'Informaci'o Cient'ifica, Campus Uab, C. Sn, 08193 Bellaterra, I. F. Physics, Cosmology, Rwth Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, I. Roma, 33 viaFrascati, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, D. Bologna, Institute for Astronomy, U. Edinburgh, R. Observatory, B. Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, J. B. C. F. Astrophysics, U. Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, European Space AgencyESRIN, 1. LargoGalileoGalilei, 00044 Frascati, Roma, 1. Universit'eClaudeBernardLyon, CNRSIN2p3, I. Lyon, Umr 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, I. O. Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, E. P. F. Lausanne, Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland., 1. UCBLyon, Iuf, 4. R. E. Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, U. London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, Departament de F'isica, F. Ciencias, Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa, C8 Edif'icio, C. Grande, P. Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, D. O. Astronomy, U. Geneva, 16 ch.d'Ecogia, I. D. A. E. P. Spaziali, V. Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Roma, INFN-Padova, 8. viaMarzolo, 35131 Padova, I. D. E. D. Catalunya, Edifici Rdit, C. Upc, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Institut de Ci'encies de l'Espai, Carrer de Can Magrans, sn Cerdanyola del Vall'es, 08193 Barcelona, Inaf Trieste, 11 ViaG.B.Tiepolo, 34127 Trieste, A. Universit'e, Cppm, Marseille, Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare, Sezione Infn di Bologna, 46 ViaIrnerio, 40129 Bologna, Fractal S.L.N.E., 2. calleTulip'an, 1A Portal13, 28231, L. Madrid, Dipartimento di FisicaAldo Pontremoli, U. Milano, 16 viaCeloria, I. Astrophysics, U. Oslo, P. O. B. 1. Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway., L. Observatory, Leiden University, 55 Einsteinweg, 2333 CC Leiden, Jet propulsion Laboratory, C. I. O. Technology., 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, Ca, 91109, L. University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, Felix Hormuth Engineering, 17 Goethestr., 69181 Leimen, T. Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark., Cosmic Dawn Center, I. D. Paris, Umr 7095, Sorbonne Universit'e, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 7. Paris, Nasa Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, H. I. O. Physics, 2. GustafHallstrominkatu, 0. Helsinki, Finland., U. Geneve, D'epartement de Physique Th'eorique, Centre for Theoretical Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 4. CH-1211Geneve, 64 P.O.Box, U. Helsinki, Helsinki, Cnes, Lam, Nova Optical IR Instrumentation Group at Astron, 4. OudeHoogeveensedijk, 7991PD, Dwingeloo, I. Milano, U. Bonn, Argelander Institut fur Astronomie, 71 AufdemHugel, 53121 Bonn, V. G. 932, C. F. Astronomy, D. University, South Road, DH1 3LE, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 7. Paris, U. Sciences

/ Abstract

We provide an early assessment of the imaging capabilities of the space mission to deeply probe nearby star-forming regions and associated very young open clusters, and in particular, to determine to which extent it can shed light into the newborn free-floating planet population. This paper focusses on a low-reddening region observed in just one pointing. The dust and gas has been cleared out from the region by the hot sigma \,Orionis star. One late-M and six known spectroscopically confirmed L-type ultracool members in the sigma \,Orionis cluster were used as benchmarks to provide a high-purity procedure to select new candidate members with The exquisite angular resolution and depth delivered by the instruments allowed us to focus on bona fide point sources. A cleaned sample of sigma \,Orionis cluster substellar members was produced, and the initial mass function (IMF) was estimated by combining and Gaia data. Our sigma \,Orionis substellar IMF is consistent with a power-law distribution without a significant steepening at the planetary-mass end. No evidence of a low-mass cutoff is found down to the detection limit of this study at 4 Jupiter masses in the very young sigma \,Orionis open cluster.

Journal: Astronomy & Astrophysics

DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202450793