Multi-wavelength Photometric Study of RR Lyrae Variables in the Globular Cluster NGC 5272 (Messier 3)

We present a comprehensive photometric study of RR Lyrae stars in the M3 globular cluster, utilising a vast dataset of 3140 optical ($UBVRI$) CCD images spanning 35 years from astronomical data archives. We have successfully identified previously known 238 RR Lyrae stars from the photometric data, comprising 178 RRab, 49 RRc, and 11 RRd stars. Multi-band periodogram was used to significantly improve the long-term periods of $65\%$ of RR Lyrae stars in our sample, thanks to the unprecedentedly long temporal coverage of the observations. The light curve templates were used to obtain accurate and precise mean magnitudes and amplitudes of all RR Lyrae variables. We combined optical ($UBVRI$) and near-infrared (NIR, $JHK_{s}$) photometry of RR Lyrae variables to investigate their location in the colour-magnitude diagrams as well as the pulsation properties such as period distributions, Bailey diagrams and amplitude ratios. The Period-Luminosity relations in $R$ and $I$ bands and Period-Wesenheit relations were derived after excluding outliers identified in CMDs. The Period-Wesenheit relations calibrated via the theoretically predicted relations were used to determine a distance modulus of $μ= 15.04 \pm 0.04 \,{\rm (stats)} \pm 0.19 \,{\rm {(syst.)}}$ mag (using metal-independent $W_{BV}$ Wesenheit) and $μ= 15.03 \pm 0.04 \,{\rm (stats)} \pm 0.17 \,{\rm {(syst.)}}$ mag (using metal-dependent $W_{VI}$ Wesenheit). Our distance measurements are in excellent agreement with published distances to M3 in the literature. We also employed an artificial neural network based comparison of theoretical and observed light curves to determine physical parameters (mass, luminosity, and effective temperature) for $79$ non-Blazhko RRab stars that agree with limited literature measurements.