Observation of Seven Astrophysical Tau Neutrino Candidates with IceCube

We report on a measurement of astrophysical tau neutrinos with 9.7 years of IceCube data. Using convolutional neural networks trained on images derived from simulated events, seven candidate $ν_τ$ events were found with visible energies ranging from roughly 20 TeV to 1 PeV and a median expected parent $ν_τ$ energy of about 200 TeV. Considering backgrounds from astrophysical and atmospheric neutrinos, and muons from $π^\pm/K^\pm$ decays in atmospheric air showers, we obtain a total estimated background of about 0.5 events, dominated by non-$ν_τ$ astrophysical neutrinos. Thus, we rule out the absence of astrophysical $ν_τ$ at the $5σ$ level. The measured astrophysical $ν_τ$ flux is consistent with expectations based on previously published IceCube astrophysical neutrino flux measurements and neutrino oscillations.