On the Scarcity of Dense Cores ($n>10^{5}$ cm$^{-3}$) in High Latitude Planck Galactic Cold Clumps
astro-ph.GA
/ Authors
Fengwei Xu, Ke Wang, Tie Liu, David Eden, Xunchuan Liu, Mika Juvela, Jinhua He, Doug Johnstone, Paul Goldsmith, Guido Garay
and 27 more authors
Yuefang Wu, Archana Soam, Alessio Traficante, Isabelle Ristorcelli, Edith Falgarone, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Naomi Hirano, Yasuo Doi, Woojin Kwon, Glenn J. White, Anthony Whitworth, Patricio Sanhueza, Mark G. Rawlings, Dana Alina, Zhiyuan Ren, Chang Won Lee, Ken'ichi Tatematsu, Chuan-Peng Zhang, Jianjun Zhou, Shih-Ping Lai, Derek Ward-Thompson, Sheng-Yuan Liu, Qilao Gu
/ Abstract
High-latitude ($|b|>30^{\circ}$) molecular clouds have virial parameters that exceed 1, but whether these clouds can form stars has not been studied systematically. Using JCMT SCUBA-2 archival data, we surveyed 70 fields that target high-latitude Planck galactic cold clumps (HLPCs) to find dense cores with density of $10^{5}$-$10^{6}$ cm$^{-3}$ and size of $<0.1$ pc. The sample benefits from both the representativeness of the parent sample and covering densest clumps at the high column density end ($>1\times10^{21}$ cm$^{-2}$). At an average noise rms of 15 mJy/beam, we detected Galactic dense cores in only one field, G6.04+36.77 (L183), while also identifying 12 extragalactic objects and two young stellar objects. Compared to the low-latitude clumps, dense cores are scarce in HLPCs. With synthetic observations, the densities of cores are constrained to be $n_c\lesssim10^5$ cm$^{-3}$, should they exist in HLPCs. Low-latitude clumps, Taurus clumps, and HLPCs form a sequence where a higher virial parameter corresponds to a lower dense core detection rate. If HLPCs were affected by the Local Bubble, the scarcity should favor turbulence-inhibited rather than supernova-driven star formation. Studies of the formation mechanism of the L183 molecular cloud are warranted.