Empowering high-dimensional optical fiber communications with integrated photonic processors

Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) in optical fibers enables multichannel capabilities for various applications, including data transmission, quantum networks, imaging, and sensing. However, high-dimensional optical fiber systems, usually necessity bulk-optics approaches for launching different orthogonal fiber modes into the optical fiber, and multiple-input multiple-output digital electronic signal processing at the receiver to undo the arbitrary mode scrambling introduced by coupling and transmission in a multi-mode fiber. Here we show that a high-dimensional optical fiber communication system can be implemented by a reconfigurable integrated photonic processor, featuring kernels of multichannel mode multiplexing transmitter and all-optical descrambling receiver. Effective mode management can be achieved through the configuration of the integrated optical mesh. Inter-chip MDM optical communications involving six spatial- and polarization modes was realized, despite the presence of unknown mode mixing and polarization rotation in the circular-core optical fiber. The proposed photonic integration approach holds promising prospects for future space-division multiplexing applications. Leveraging photonic integration and photonic computing acceleration, Lu et al. proposed and demonstrated a scalable integrated silicon photonic processor that enables high-capacity optical fiber communications using various fiber spatial modes.