Effective manipulation and realization of a colossal nonlinear Hall effect in an electric-field tunable moiré system

The second-order nonlinear Hall effect illuminates a frequency-doubling transverse current emerging in quantum materials with broken inversion symmetry even when time-reversal symmetry is preserved. This nonlinear response originates from both the Berry curvature dipole and the chiral Bloch electron skew scatterings, reflecting various information of the lattice symmetries, band dispersions, and topology of the electron wavefunctions. Even though many efforts have been put in detecting the nonlinear Hall effect in diverse condensed matter systems, effective manipulation of the two principal mechanisms in a single system has been lacking, and the reported response is relatively weak. Here, we report effective manipulation of the nonlinear Hall effect and realization of a colossal second-order Hall conductivity, $\sim500 μmSV^{-1}$, orders of magnitudes higher than the reported values, in AB-BA stacked twisted double bilayer graphene. A Berry-curvature-dipole-dominated nonlinear Hall effect, as well as its controllable transition to skew-scattering-dominated response, is identified near the band edge. The colossal response, on the other hand, is detected near the van Hove singularities, mainly determined by the skew scattering of the chiral Bloch electrons. Our findings establish electrically tunable moiré systems promising for nonlinear Hall effect manipulations and applications.