Analytic Preconditioners for Decoupled Potential Integral Equations and Wideband Analysis of Scattering From PEC Objects

Many integral equations used to analyze scattering, such as the standard combined field integral equation (CFIE), are not well-conditioned for a wide range of frequencies and multiscale geometries. There has been significant effort to alleviate this problem. A more recent one is using a set of decoupled potential integral equations (DPIEs). These equations have been shown to be robust at low frequencies and immune to topology breakdown. But they mimic the ill-conditioning behavior of CFIE at high frequencies. This article addresses this deficiency through new Calderón-type identities derived from the vector potential integral equation (VPIE). We construct novel analytic preconditioners for the VPIE and scalar potential integral equation (SPIE) constrained to perfect electric conductors (PECs). These new formulations are wideband well-conditioned and converge rapidly for multiscale geometries. This is demonstrated though a number of examples that use analytic and piecewise basis sets.