Updated QCD global analysis of single transverse-spin asymmetries I: Extracting $\tilde{H}$, and the role of the Soffer bound and lattice QCD

We present an update to the QCD global analysis of single transverse-spin asymmetries presented in Ref. [1] ( JAM3D-20 ). JAM3D-20 simultaneously included transverse momentum dependent and collinear twist-3 observables, both of which are sensitive to quark-gluon-quark correlations in hadrons. In this study we extract for the first time the twist-3 chiral odd fragmentation function ˜ H by incorporating the sin φ s modulation data from SIDIS along with its contribution to the single transverse-spin asymmetry in pion production from proton-proton collisions. We also explore the impact of lattice QCD tensor charge calculations and the Soffer bound on our global analysis. We find that both constraints can be accommodated within our results, with ˜ H playing a key role in maintaining agreement with the data from proton-proton collisions.