Transfer Matrices of Rational Spin Chains via Novel BGG-Type Resolutions

We obtain BGG-type formulas for transfer matrices of irreducible finite-dimensional representations of the classical Lie algebras $${\mathfrak {g}}$$ g , whose highest weight is a multiple of a fundamental one and which can be lifted to the representations over the Yangian $$Y({\mathfrak {g}})$$ Y ( g ) . These transfer matrices are expressed in terms of transfer matrices of certain infinite-dimensional highest weight representations (such as parabolic Verma modules and their generalizations) in the auxiliary space. We further factorise the corresponding infinite-dimensional transfer matrices into the products of two Baxter Q -operators, arising from our previous study Frassek et al. (Adv. Math. 401:108283, 2022), Frassek and Tsymbaliuk (Commun. Math. Phys. 392:545–619, 2022) of the degenerate Lax matrices. Our approach is crucially based on the new BGG-type resolutions of the finite-dimensional $${\mathfrak {g}}$$ g -modules, which naturally arise geometrically as the restricted duals of the Cousin complexes of relative local cohomology groups of ample line bundles on the partial flag variety G / P stratified by $$B_{-}$$ B - -orbits.