Revealing fundamentals of charge extraction in photovoltaic devices through potentiostatic photoluminescence imaging

Lukas Wagner (  lukas.wagner@ise.fraunhofer.de ) Fraunhofer ISE Patrick Schygulla Fraunhofer ISE https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9103-1045 Jan Herterich Fraunhofer ISE Mohamed Elshamy Fraunhofer ISE Dmitry Bogachuk Salma Zouhair Fraunhofer ISE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1344-9101 Simone Mastroianni Fraunhofer ISE Uli Würfel Fraunhofer ISE https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-8538 Yuhang Liu École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Shaik Zakeeruddin Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Michael Graetzel École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0068-0195 Andreas Hinsch Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Stefan Glunz