Direct observation of 3D topological spin textures and their interactions using soft x-ray vector ptychography

Direct observation of 3D topological spin textures and their interactions using soft x-ray vector ptychography Arjun Rana, Chen-Ting Liao, Ezio Iacocca, Ji Zou, Minh Pham, Emma-Elizabeth Cating Subramanian, Yuan Hung Lo, Sinéad A. Ryan, Xingyuan Lu, Charles S. Bevis, Robert M. Karl Jr, Andrew J. Glaid, Young-Sang Yu, Pratibha Mahale, David A. Shapiro, Sadegh Yazdi, Thomas E. Mallouk, Stanley J. Osher, Henry C. Kapteyn, Vincent H. Crespi, John V. Badding, Yaroslav Tserkovnyak, Margaret M. Murnane, Jianwei Miao Department of Physics & Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. STROBE Science and Technology Center. JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK. Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Departments of Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence author. Email: miao@physics.ucla.edu (J.M.)