Nanoscale subsurface dynamics of solids upon high-intensity laser irradiation observed by femtosecond grazing-incidence x-ray scattering

Lisa Randolph, Mohammadreza Banjafar, 3 Thomas R. Preston, Toshinori Yabuuchi, 5 Mikako Makita, Nicholas P. Dover, Christian Rödel, Sebastian Göde, Yuichi Inubushi, 5 Gerhard Jakob, Johannes Kaa, Akira Kon, James K. Koga, Dmitriy Ksenzov, Takeshi Matsuoka, 10 Mamiko Nishiuchi, Michael Paulus, Frederic Schon, Keiichi Sueda, Yasuhiko Sentoku, Tadashi Togashi, 5 Mehran Vafaee-Khanjani, Michael Bussmann, 14 Thomas E. Cowan, 13 Mathias Kläui, Carsten Fortmann-Grote, Lingen Huang, Adrian P. Mancuso, 15 Thomas Kluge, Christian Gutt, ∗ and Motoaki Nakatsutsumi 9, † Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany European XFEL, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany Technical University Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan QST-Kansai, KPSI, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan Technical University Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz,55128 Mainz, Germany Open and Transdisciplinary Research Institute, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0087, Japan Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0087, Japan Fakultät Physik/DELTA, TU Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Görlitz, Germany Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia (Dated: October 11, 2021)