The MOSDEF Survey: A Stellar Mass–SFR–Metallicity Relation Exists at z ∼ 2.3
/ Authors
R. Sanders, A. Shapley, M. Kriek, W. Freeman, N. Reddy, B. Siana, A. Coil, B. Mobasher, R. Dav'e, I. Shivaei
and 8 more authors
M. Azadi, S. Price, G. Leung, Tara Fetherholf, L. D. Groot, T. Zick, F. Fornasini, G. Barro
/ Abstract
We investigate the nature of the relation among stellar mass, star formation rate, and gas-phase metallicity (the –SFR–Z relation) at high redshifts using a sample of 260 star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2.3 from the MOSDEF survey. We present an analysis of the high-redshift –SFR–Z relation based on several emission-line ratios for the first time. We show that a –SFR–Z relation clearly exists at z ∼ 2.3. The strength of this relation is similar to predictions from cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. By performing a direct comparison of stacks of z ∼ 0 and z ∼ 2.3 galaxies, we find that z ∼ 2.3 galaxies have ∼0.1 dex lower metallicity at fixed and SFR. In the context of chemical evolution models, this evolution of the –SFR–Z relation suggests an increase with redshift of the mass-loading factor at fixed , as well as a decrease in the metallicity of infalling gas that is likely due to a lower importance of gas recycling relative to accretion from the intergalactic medium at high redshifts. Performing this analysis simultaneously with multiple metallicity-sensitive line ratios allows us to rule out the evolution in physical conditions (e.g., N/O ratio, ionization parameter, and hardness of the ionizing spectrum) at fixed metallicity as the source of the observed trends with redshift and with SFR at fixed at z ∼ 2.3. While this study highlights the promise of performing high-order tests of chemical evolution models at high redshifts, detailed quantitative comparisons ultimately await a full understanding of the evolution of metallicity calibrations with redshift.
Journal: The Astrophysical Journal