Vortex crossing, trapping, and pinning in superconducting nanowires of a NbSe 2 two-dimensional crystal

Nanowires of two-dimensional (2D) crystals of type-II superconductor ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{2}$ prepared by electron-beam lithography were studied, focusing on the effect of the motion of Abrikosov vortices. We present magnetoresistance measurements on these nanowires and show features related to vortex crossing, trapping, and pinning. The vortex crossing rate was found to vary nonmonotonically with the applied field, which results in nonmonotonic magnetoresistance variations in agreement with theoretical calculations in the London approximation. Above the lower critical field ${H}_{c1}$ the crossing rate is also influenced by vortices trapped by sample boundaries or pinning centers, leading to sample-specific magnetoresistance patterns. We show that the local pinning potential can be modified by intentionally introducing surface adsorbates, making the magnetoresistance pattern a ``magnetofingerprint'' of the sample-specific configuration of vortex pinning centers in a 2D crystal superconducting nanowire.