Generation and decay of two-dimensional quantum turbulence in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate

In a recent experiment, Kwon et al. [Phys. Rev. A 90, 063627 (2014)] generated a disordered state of quantum vortices by translating an oblate Bose-Einstein condensate past a laser-induced obstacle and studied the subsequent decay of vortex number. Using mean-field simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we shed light on the various stages of the observed dynamics. We find that the flow of the superfluid past the obstacle leads initially to the formation of a classical-like wake, which later becomes disordered. Following removal of the obstacle, the vortex number decays due to vortices annihilating and drifting to the boundary. Our results are in excellent agreement with the experimental observations. Furthermore, we probe thermal effects through phenomenological dissipation.