Watching domains grow: In-situ studies of polarization switching by combined scanning probe and scanning transmission electron microscopy
/ Authors
H. Chang, Sergei V. Kalinin, Seung-Yeul Yang, P. Yu, S. Bhattacharya, Pingping Wu, N. Balke, S. Jesse, Long Q. Chen, R. Ramesh
and 2 more authors
/ Abstract
Ferroelectric domain nucleation and growth in multiferroic BiFeO3 films is observed directly by applying a local electric field with a conductive tip inside a scanning transmission electron microscope. The nucleation and growth of a ferroelastic domain and its interaction with pre-existing 71° domain walls are observed and compared with the results of phase-field modeling. In particular, a preferential nucleation site and direction-dependent pinning of domain walls are observed due to slow kinetics of metastable switching in the sample without a bottom electrode. These in situ spatially resolved observations of a first-order bias-induced phase transition reveal the mesoscopic mechanisms underpinning functionality of a wide range of multiferroic materials.
Journal: Journal of Applied Physics
DOI: 10.1063/1.3623779